UCCESS 



with 



i 



Pedigreed 

R-EDS 



4 



§• 



SUCCESS 

WITH 

PEDIGREED REDS 



BY 



MRS. H. A. DANIELS 
grafton!' mass. 




Mrs. H. A. Daniels 



»* 



ILLUSTRATED BY 

J. A. QUINN 

N. GRAFTON, MASS. 



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4 a 



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Copyrighted. 1922 

POULTRY BREEDERS PUBLISHING CO. 

Waverly. Iowa 






4tev\ 



Introduction 



In placing- this book before tlie poultry world I make 
no pretense of its being a treatise on ''How to Succeed" 




1. — Home of Daniels' Pedigreed Reds, showing Hodgson Baby 
Chick house battery of brooders. Mrs. Daniels at right. 

2. — View of Daniels' office, not showing all of file nor mimeo- 
graph. 

nor as a text book on the breeding of Rhode Island Reds. 
It is simply a story, imperfectly told, of the work we have 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



done, or better — the work we have commenced to do in the 
combinino- of high production with Standard qualities in 
Rhode Island Reds. 

Many things in the foUowing pages may be somewhat 
contradictory to the experiences of others, but this only 
proves that there is no ONE road to success, especially 
when dealing with old Mother Nature. Every day we 
find changes necessary and learn new things about the 
work. This will account in many instances for the in- 
completeness of the material. We are still learning. Fully 
believing that there are many people interested in quality 
before quantity to wdiom this book will offer some suggest- 
ions of value and assistance, I present the same for your 
criticisms. 



0^ 





8. — Showing laying-breeding liouses. Note the heavy growth all 
about the buildings. 

4. — Artificial shade for baby chicks. 

5. — Protected comer for Hodgson baby chick house, 
drinking fountain for ir.ilk and iron pins to hold fence. 



Note Ideal 



t"!. 






O 



A Short Biograph^l^iSfcet'ck" ' 

I do not intend to say any mclfeOal*oi|t our personal 
affairs than is necessary to supply a few connecting links 
to make our work clearer than it would be in its various 
stages without. Many books are made more humanly in- 
teresting by the addition of some of the actual life of 
the writers and, in the work which we are doing, our home 
life has been closely interwoven. Real people with their 
troubles and their problems are so much more interesting 
than imaginary persons in the third person. 

Experience, to lielj) others, must have a living vital 
interest, Avitli plent}^ of local color and every-day back- 
ground. This I am using Avherever it will make our ex- 
periences more interesting to the average reader. I have 
tried in every possible way to keep away from everything 
technical and complicated and to tell our work in a w^ay 
to couA ince anyone that it is entirely within the power of 
any conscientious person with application and willing- 
ness to persevere and WORK. 

Both Mr. Daniels and I have loved cliickens all our 
lives. I consider this very essential in being successful 
with them. The real love of any work is a pretty safe 
capital. 

As a young lad Mr. Daniels made a back yard flock his 
chief interest and spent most of his spare time caring for 
them after school houi's. AVhen he was about fourteen he 
made his first trip away from home, going from Grafton 
to Natick, Mass., to the home of Henry Felcli, brother of 
T. Iv. Felch the originator of the Felch Strain of Light 
Brahmas. At this time the Light Brahma was at the 
pinnacle of its glory and ]Mr. Daniels went to get hatching 
eggs. He often tells Iioav Pleury Felch left his cutting 
block in the shoe shop, after reading the letter of intro- 
duction presented by young Daniels, and took him to his 
home, spending the rest of the day in the pens and incu- 
bator room with him. Before he left for home Mr. Felch 
took him to the poultry houses and directly from the nests 
picked the eggs to fill his order, marking them and in- 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



structing him how to mate the resulting chicks. I often 
think this example which made such an impression on his 
mind at that time has been very instrumental in the help 
given many a young lad or beginner later in life with 
REDS. 

During the succeeding years several popular breeds 
were kept, and, boy-lil^e he took up the moment's favorite. 
As school days ended and work along mechanical lines 
was taken up, the time for poultry work grcAv less and 
finally ceased. However, tlie fever was firmly implanted in 
his system and broke out ancAV at the first opportunity. 

Twelve years after the arrival in Grafton of young- 
Daniels another chicken crank came into this world — a 
thin, almost puny youngster, about whose health there had 
always been a doubt. A Avise mother, realizing the value 
of ont-door life, practically turned her out with the chick- 
ens and she grew much more rugged. The home of this 
youngster was a farm half a mile from the nearest neigh- 
bor and, as there were no brothers or sisters, she took up 
the next most interesting things for chums, the chickens. 
Dolls were too inanimate. The mother noted the interest 
in the chickens and decided that along with the benefit 
of the out-of-door life could be combined some lessons in 
responsibility and kindness and gradually the care of the 
poultry was placed in the child's hands, always under 
supervision but not the kind that made the work an or- 
deal, but rather a great privilege. 

Many things were learned about poultry that never 
would have come through the ordinary channels. Their 
individuality was noticed and studied and early in life 
this little girl realized that birds have individual iden- 
tities. 

One instance never forgotten either by herself or her 
|)laymates, such as came to see her, was a Barred Rock 
cockerel which she trained to hitch to a tiny wagon. When 
this was going on the dolls were resurrected and used as 
passengers. A little harness was made of odds and ends 
and a doll carriage smashed to get the running gear, which 
was nailed to a wooden salt box, two sticks making shafts 
into which the cockerel Avould back and stand to ])e hitch- 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



ed. The year that this cockerel had the center of the 
stage the girl, then abont nine years old, was the scorn 
of all the other little girls, but the envy of the boys. Later 
the bird became ugly, as is the case with many unusually 
tame and docile animals as they grow older. 

All this took place in Northboro, less than ten miles 
from G]'afton, and Avhen this girl was abont twelve years 
old the farm was left and a change to the city of Worcester 
made. No chickens were possible for several yeai's and 
school and work soon took up about all the time. Occa- 
sional visits to the country to relatives and. friends kept 
her a little in touch \\ith country life. 

However, very little was learned in any way about 
chicks during this time and in 1905 an entire stop was put 
to all work in the girl's life for eleven years, as in that 
year the mother became a helpless paralytic and all else 
had to be laid aside for these last years of loving minis- 
tration. 

Change after change took place until in 1912 the fam- 
ily came to Grafton to live and the life romance of the two 
chicken cranks was commenced. 

Daniels had been hammering out horseshoes for about 
thirteen years for the Grafton horses. In 1913 they met 
and were friendly for quite a long time before each dis- 
covered that the other was interested in poultry in any 
degree. 

The father of the girl (getting along to be a pretty old 
girl) resumed his interest in Barred Rocks as soon as he 
was settled in the country and considerable of the work of 
caring for them fell to the girl, as he was away during the 
day. Little by little chickens became a topic of conversa- 
tion between Daniels and this girl. 

Her interest became more intense from day to day, 
paving the way to the future worlv. With the renewed 
interest in poidtry work, which was now carried on with 
a view to helping out the household funds, came a degree 
of success on a small ?-cale. The comradeship between the 
three, Daniels and the girl and her dad, became cemented 
as this was made more or less of a study. This interest in 
birds grew until almost no other topic of conversation was 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



dwelt upon. It ended suddenly and tragically by the fail- 
ure one morning of the father to respond to the call of tIh: 
helpless mother and the finding by the girl that he had 
gone to the Great Beyond. After this loss the mother fail- 
ed rapidly and joined liim five months after. This loss 
brought the girl and Mr. Daniels permanently together 
and poultry work was made a part of their very life from 
that time on. 

At first it was only intended to make the poultry kept 
pay in a measure some of the household expenses, but,, like 
many other things which commence in a small way and 
grow so rapidly, this soon became an all absorbing and 
very good paying business. 

The start was made tlie year of the foot and mouth 
disease with the first birds, Avhich were Barred Rocks. 
Mr. Daniels had talked ^'liens'- so much during the pre- 
ceding year that he felt he must own some, so he sent to 
a New York dealei- in portable poultry houses and got the 
first section of a l()x20 house — this section being ten feet 
wide and sixteen feet deep. After the house was ordered 
a search for pullets was made and only one lot could be 
found. They were, as before stated. Barred KoclvS, Afier 
they were bought it Avas necessary to send to the State 
House for a. pei'mit to move them because of the foot and 
mouth disease. The house was not ready and the man 
from whom tliey Avere bought needed the room so a stable 
in a barn was obtained and finally they Avere moved to tfiis 
temporary place aAv^aiting the house. In due time this 
came and was set and the pullets moved and settled doAvn 
to business. I could write some very funny expei'ieuces 
Ave had during the first year in getting under Avay. How, 
in setting the house, we rushed roofing ])aper on the build- 
ing Avhen we found boards Avere not sufficient, and all 
manner of amateurisli stunts, but I feel many writers 
have covered this ground for the amusement of many read- 
ers and I would rather go into the real work as it came 
along in the succeeding months. All beginners h) any 
Avork do foolish tilings, so why enumerate on them? 

The tAventy-five Barred Rocks did splendidly in produc- 
tion. EverA^ one began telling us, '-'Hens ahvaA\-< lav wvOl 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



ilie first year in a new house; better tlian tliej ever will 
figain". We could not see just why this should be, but it 
does so prove in many cases and our subse(j[uent ex]»erionce 
has proven to us that it is because the first yeai' is usually 
the only year that the house is really clean. 

The next year Ave added another section the same size 
as the first to the house and decided to try a pen of l»eds 
along with the Rocks. We bought a hundred month-old 
chicks from the Sycamore Farm in this town and a hun- 
dred Barred Rocks from the same source that supplied the 
first lot of Rocks the year previous. These were brooded 
in the two E. C Young combination houses the same as 
shown in cuts of range houses. The old style circular 
hover with kerosene lamp was used to furnish heat. All 
did well with only normal losses and trouble:^ and the ])ul- 
lets laid extremely well but it just seemed that the Reds 
did a little better and were more consistent producers. 

The next year our enthusiasm increased and we added 
another 20x16 house, in two pens. This season we d<.d not 
have pullets enough so we bought here and there as we 
could get healthy birds as we felt we must have each pen 
filled to capacity. We had no idea of quality at that rime 
as quantity and the use of housing to its very limit was the 
first consideration. 

I well remember among other amusing things that hap- 
pened during our search for well developed pullets, how 
we obtained a few from one party in a nearby town. After 
we got them home and had looked them over — noting many 
good points among them — we wrote the raiser, asldng him 
what strain they were from and he replied that he did 
not know, but the only strain he ever knew of in connec- 
tion with them Avas the strain on his pocket-book for tlnnr 
feed. I believe I could write a book filled with the amus- 
ing things that have happened as we have always had the 
happy faculty of seeing the joke even when it was on us as 
often happens with the poultry man during his novitiate. 

During this same year we commenced breeding a little. 
Some of the Sycamore Farm pullets looked pretty good to 
us and, as we had been reading the Rhode Island Red 
Journal we had become interested in better looking Reds. 



10 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

Like all other novices we felt we had to have "new blood" 
and commenced looking through advertisements to make 
the selection of a plant from which to purchase a male. 
Owen Farms advertisements were very attractive and the 
plant being located in the same state we made our final 
decision on that, which proved to be a good one. 

We made our initial purchase in the shape of a cock- 
erel. Not a high-priced bird as we now estimate and real- 
ize the value of good birds; but this male turned out to be 
a very fine breeding proposition. Just as a clew to our 
total lack of knoAvledge of really high-class Reds, let me 
say that in our first correspondence witli Owen Farms 
we did not know tliat a good female was supposed to have 
black ticking in hackle. 

In October, 191G, this cockerel came. He was looked 
over by many in our neighborhood and we felt he was a 
good buy. His good depth of color was a revelation to us. 
Watching this bird and his style became an absorbing in- 
terest to us and as we studied him, we finally decided to 
get some females from the same source to mate to him. 
The last week in October tlie four hens decided upon ar- 
rived and on November- 2, 1910, laid the first egg, which 
was laid by No. 1, the REAL hen of the four and whose 
blood today floAvs through about every bird in our mat- 
ings. 

Meanwhile we had added to our equipment an 8x12 
E. C. Young shed-roof house which we had used for brood- 
ing. At this time we added on another similar section 
making a house 8x24 feet. In this house, which was divid- 
ed into four pens, and these birds were placed in one pen 
with every second day in one of the others. A careful 
record of the production of this pen was kept, commencing 
November 2, 1010, and ending November 2, 1917, and at 
the end of tliis time it was found that these four hens had 
produced 7()8 eggs or an average of 192 eggs eacli in their 
second laying year. Two of these hens appeared to us to 
be better as layers and as individuals than the other two 
and we wished to isolate some of their chicks. At that 
time I had never seen a trapnest and such a thing was only 
a name to me. My household duties were light and I had 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 11 

spent much, time with the few birds w^e had and decided I 
would watch these two hens and as they laid pick from 
under them their eggs. This I did, spending many hours 
in the pen witli them for that pur-pose. These eggs were 
marked and set and from that time began the steady im- 
provement in our work. Cuts No. 20, No. 33 and No. 35 



The birds in this iUustration from left to right are: "Danny", 
"Jimmy", No. 9 and No. 7. 

show four of the bii'ds that were hatched from this hand- 
picked and pedigreed lot of chicks, No. 9 and Jimmie, 
No. 17 and Danny and througliout the following pages will 
be many references to them. When it is considered that 
all tlie pictures in this book were taken during an interval 
of a few weeks of each other one can judge the lessons in 
breeding which we have had constantly before us. Many 
times as an improvement is made in anything a person is 
liable to forget the process of evolution which brought it 
about and this I think is especially true in poultry work. 
At the time the pictures of the four birds above referred 
to were taken their combined age was twenty years. 

Out of the original four hens one was lost and we im- 
mediately sent to Owen Farms for a replacement hen and 
the present No. 2 Avas shipped up. She proved a great old 
hen; although never a beauty, we learned to judge her by 
her performance. In cuts No. 18 and No. 19 will be seen 
this same "old lady" and her son hatched in her sixth 
year. She has been the dam of a great many fine layers 
and some very good male birds. The other hen of the 
original purchase was an indifferent proposition and we 
have none of her blood on the place today. This was a very 



12 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



high percentage of good bii^ds from so small a number to 
select from and we found the progeny of these birds better 
than the birds themselves, shoAving that there was a strong 
trait of prepotency in this combination. 

Kemember that these first hens were NOT trapnested, 
and all chicks with the exception of the few hand pedi- 
greed — as one might say — were liatclied just as any chicks. 
Of course they were kept separate from the remainder of 




16. — Split wing — a space where feathers will never grow. Will 
make a fine broiler. 

17. — Birds-eye view of plant. 

18. — Number two, six years old 1922. Laid 197 eggs third year, 
187 fourth yeai-. 

19. — Son of No. 2, hatched in her sixth year. Sturdy stock. 

oui* flock and each was toe marked. These chicks when 
liatched in tlio incubator were pedigree hatched as far as 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 13 

keeping them separate from the rest of tlie bunch was 
concerned. 

The chicks we pedigreed from No. 1 and No. 3 were so 
pronounced in individuality that we decided we Avould do 
more pedigreeing another year and made arrangements 
to install trapnests for that purpose. This was only con- 
templated for the duration of the breeding season and 
merely as an aid to improvement of the appearance of the 
flock. We felt just like thousands of others, that we could 
not do the work necessary to trapnest for production when 
that necessitated tending traps all the year around. The 
season of 1918 saw us trapnesting for the spring months 
and pedigree hatching the chicks. So many have asked 
us just how we pedigree hatch, that, while our method is 
so different, materially, than any other, w^e put out a 
mimeograph sheet telling exactly how we proceed and the 
demand has been very great for- this. I am entirely re- 
producing the material in this : 



Pedigreeing Poultry In Detail 

By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 

Our inetliods of pedigree hatching differ very littlt 
from tliose used by Governuieut Experimeut Stations and 




Putting eggs into pedigree bags. All eggs packed 
for shipment here. 

other breeders but these details are often unassembled 
when wanted by one commencing- this work. Following 
is the system we use, in detail : 

In the first place pedigreeing poultry demands that all 
eggs from each hen be laid in a manner to make positive 
identification possible. This is done either by trapnests or 
the single penning of each female. Mark the eggs as 
laid, plainly, on the small eml. Set as usual. AVhen test- 
ing out the clears and dead germs check them off the hen's 
list. On the eighteenth day — last turning in incubator — 
place the eggs from each hen in cheesecloth or bunting 
bags. ]\rake these large enough to give the chicks room 
as they must remain in them until hatch is taken off. Four 
or five inches will hold three eggs nicely. Machine sew 
on three sides. Close opening with a large safety pin. 
In each pin catch a cloth tag (cheap, smooth toweling is 
very good) with the hen's number written thereon. This 
is in addition to marking the eggs because if all eggs in 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



15 



a bag liatcli, tlie shells are liable to be broken up and num- 
ber lost, entirely. Where hens are used for incubation, 
eggs from each hen nuist be placed under different hens 
at hatching time. Take off the hatch as usual. As each 
bag is opened remove each hen's chicks, placing a number- 
ed band on the leg. With esi)ecially valuable stock use 




Note E. C. Young hen and 



6. — Brahmas make good mothers, 
chick house. 

7. — Four weeks old son of No. 17, showing pedigree band on leg. 
8. — Same chick as in No. 7, showing band removed to wing. 



duplicate bands, one securely fastened on each leg. Keep 
a record of each, showing dam, sire, date of hatch and 
any information you may wish to keep track of later on. 



16 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

The itoius are a good lesson many times in the year. 

In about one month tliis band is taken from tlie leg and 
a slit is cut in the skinny part of tlie wing between the two 
joints (the shoulder and elbow) and the band slipped 
111 rough and fastened. Use heavy gauge aluminum bands. 
Dip in carbolic solution and touch with iodine after band 
is in place. Infection is thus avoided. 

We use three by five cards to keep track of chicks. 
These are numbered and placed consecutively in a sec- 
tion of our filing system. All details mentioned above 
are placed on this card and occasionally notes of devel- 
opment, etc., are made. This information is instantly 



Seal band 
Dam 



^()^ Wing band 1 ""i 2-X~~ 2> 6 , 

Dale of Hat. b ^V^^^ocjv^ "^ ' \ ^ ^ ^ 

Final Disposition ^^^^j,^ q^j -VujqJU^V. . 

available and mikes a fine breeding history. Pedigree 
iiatchiiig will teach more in one year than Iiit or miss 
work in three years. 

It does not pay to go into pedigree hatching with in- 
ferior stock and it surely pays to get stock that has been 
l)edigree bred for several generations. HoAvever, many 
people have really better birds than they realize and a 
little effort will locate the really Avorth while ones. 

In addition to this sheet wliich tells how Ave do the ac- 
tual Avork, you will find a cut showing the duplication 
of the cards Avhich Ave use, this card being filled out with 
an actual pedigree hatching of the cockerel in cut No. 28, 
Avhose pedigree in full is shoAvn in pedigree reproduction 
^o. 3. 



Continued Improvement 

Line breeding, pedigree breeding, and production 
breeding were subjects but little known to us at this 
time, but we were growing more and more interested and 
had learned a bit about the possibilities that were in 
sight. We read everything that came to us and probably 
swallowed whole as much as the usual poultry enthusiast. 
All the time we were learning, however, to sift the chaff 
from the wheat, and learning hy experience. 

Our interest in production as a breeding possibility 
commenced when we noted that No. 9 laid 92 eggs in 
100 days, 55 eggs in 55 days, and after the trapnesting 
was over we identified her egg with remarkable regu- 
larity as far as our own satisfaction was concerned. Pre- 
vious to this we rather leaned to the idea that produc- 
tion was more a matter of feed than anything else. Even 
at that time there had not been a great deal of information 
available about the results of systematic breeding for 
higher fecundity. 

The Avork which the old hens did in the first year we 
had them, and that which certain of the daughters did 
during the breeding season, convinced us that egg pro- 
duction could be established in breeding as well as red eyes 
or five comb points, and January, 1919, saw us with trap- 
nests in operation. 

All this time we had been anxious to improve our birds 
as individuals. We attended all the shows we could and 
talked with, every Eed breeder we could locate. In the 
summer of 1917 we made tlie second purchase from Owen 
Farms, this time a higher class pen than the first. A 
very peculiar coincidence in comparing this pen with the 
first, was the fact that the same percentage of females 
proved good as breeders. Two out of the four were well 
worth the initial cost of the entire pen. As this addition to 
our flock w^as primarily to improve color, etc., it might 
not come amiss to pass a few remarks on their particular 
characteristics, and, later, in tracing the relationship in 
some pedigrees the influence can readily be seen. 



]8 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

The male was a descendant of a very fine show bird. 
We named this cock bird ''Daddy" and his depth of color, 
which was augmented by some excess black, has been very 
instrumental in the improvement of tlie color all down the 
line. One of his mates, No. 5, was also a color feeder, 
carrying more excess bhu-k than many would care to use. 
In some of her progeny this showed up strong, but usually, 
even though the male was clean, we knew he was a descend- 
ant of either a dam or a sire having some excess color and 
we have now learned to use the No. 5 blood witli far above 
the average rcsulis. A"o. 7 was a clean female of splen- 
did bone Jind type. She was above the Standard in weight 
jind was one of the finest typed hens 1 have ever seen. 
.4t sighl. we could almost i)ick her offspiing from the 
squareness of their shoulders. This can be plainly noticed 
in three of the chicks whose pictures appear in cuts No. 
28, No. £!), and No. 38. While the No. 9 family show 
wonderfully good type, tliis No. 7 hen seemed to have a 
remarkable ability to perpetuate type. 

The four females in this pen Avere mated as bought, 
and No. added to them. She was a good shaped pullet 
of fair color and great vigor, entirely clean. 

"Daddy'' was a fine breeder. He produced a goodly 
number of splendid layers but the star performer was No. 
9. Mated with him she gave us eleven daughters, laying 
thus: No. 25—235, No.^73— 2G5, No. 94—232, No. 90— 
221, No. 99—232, No. 15—220, No. (;7— 243, No. 41-214, 
No. 40—207, No. 22—209, No. 7()— 20C. This made us feel 
that we had material to make all nests trapnests, provided 
Ave (x^uld Avork out a scheme of breeding which would 
perpetuate this producing ability Avithout deterioration 
of Standard Qualities Ave Avere Avorking on. 

The fact that one hen alone had the poAver to transmit 
production to so many convinced us absolutely that pro- 
duction was at least fifty per cent of breeding. 

Having a slight knoAvledge of the process of produc- 
tion breeding as practiced by cattle breeders we knew the 
same principles Avould apply. We also kncAv that crop 
breeding was done in the vegetable world by means of 
studied propagation and selection and aa^c started in to 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



19 



think deeply. 

In working with No. 9, who is, after all, the real foun- 
dation of our success, we followed these principles and, 
emulating the cattle man, used as much of her blood in as 




21.^ — Number 9 hatched 1917, dam of 23 females laying from 201 
to 301. Taken July 23, 1922. 

22.— Number 67, 1918, out of No. 9, sired bv "Daddy" (unrelated). 
Laid 243 eggs first year, 288 second year. Taken July 23, 1922. 

23.— Number 31, 1919, out of No. 9, sired by "Danny" (half broth- 
er). Laid 252 eggs first year, 187 second year. Taken July 23, 1922. 

24.— Number 37, 1920," out of No. 9, sired by "lip Toe 3d. (grand- 
son of No. 67). Laid 259 eggs first year. Taken July 23. 1922. 

25.— Number 172, 1921, out of No. 9, sired by "Sporty" (unre- 
lated). Taken Julv 23, 1922. 

26.— Baby 1922, out of No. 9, sired by "Tinker" (grandson out 
of No. 79). Note strong resemblance to No. 31 and dam No. 9. 

many combinations as we possibly could. We mated her 
as an individual to as many different males and her daugh- 



20 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

ters also. Sons she did not produce — neither in quality 
nor in quantity. In fact only three males have been of a 
usable character from her in all her years of breeding. 
We have found, however, that some of her granddaugh- 
ters went to the other extreme and one or two have been 
almost solely cockerel breeders. Today, eight out of ten 
birds in our matings have her blood and some are fully 
three-fourths her blood, pure. Many of the 1922 chicks 
trace back to her several times on both dam and sire side. 

The first year's Avork Avith Daddy was extra satisfy- 
ing. However, the first pen produced such strong layers 
that we decided for one year to reconcentrate the original 
blood of this pen. Several people told us we would have 
weak stock if w^e mated half brother and sister but we 
took a chance and a mighty advisable one it proved. A 
son of No. 3, Danny, Avliose picture may be seen in cut 
No. 38, was mated with her and the results in production 
excelled the first year's work a\ ith her. In this year she 
produced 222 eggs, a creditable SECOND year's lay. Mat- 
ed with Danny she produced our 301-egg hen, an achieve- 
ment of great merit, as along with this phenomenal hen 
were several others of truly high production. 

Many times as I look back on our first groping ex- 
periments in mating I wonder that we got along as well 
as we did. There seemed some impetus over which we 
had no control that urged us to make certain combinations. 
One man recently told me lie thought it might be an add- 
ed sense. He called it "hen sense*'. 

Since we have studied our birds and the combination 
of them I have decided that one bird, to whom little credit 
has been given, was really the breeding strength of the 
flock. This was the old bird we bought first, "TAT". 

The fact that his daughter mated to his son produced 
females laying better than when either was mated to an 
unrelated male, impresses me with his real breeding value. 
Another thing was the fact that sisters of both No. 9 and 
Danny Avere high producers. We have only come to this 
decision since old Tat Avent to chicken heaven. One may 
also consider the fact that the progeny from No. 9 that 
carries the Inrcest a mount of her blood — which must be 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 21 

one-half that of her sire — shows the very strength of his 
breeding worth by the marked individual resemblance 
which is so pronounced when compared with her progeny 
sired by an unrelated male. 

After mating No. Avith Danny and producing No. 
79—301, No. 85—277, No. 114—254, No. 127—217, No. 
31—252, No. 74—201, No. 88—243, No. 81—229, we were 
tempted to make the same mating the next year. We did 
not do so, placing her instead with lier grandson out of hen 
No. 67. This year she disappointed us as she molted and 
commenced her third year's lay January 17. She laid a 
good clutch of eggs and then had another partial molt, 
the cause of which we could never discover. It retarded 
her production. This made her run of chicks small but in 
spite of that we added four more high record females to 
her progeny. These laid 227-230-231 and 259, the latter 
being hen No. 37 in cut No. 24. Her fourth breeding year, 
1921, produced some of the best colored chicks w^e have 
had from her. In this case she was mated to another pur- 
chase from Owen Farms, an entirely unrelated male, a very 
i-ihowy bird. The females from this mating have done, so 
far, great credit to their dam. The present year, 1922, 
she was again thrown back to her oavu line by mating to 
another oraudson, out of hen No. 79. Tinker has proven a 
good breeder and the resemblance of chicks from No. 9 
mated to him can be noted at a glance. Note also the 
resemblance to their dam of No. 31 and No. 79. 

This hereditary resemblance is very interesting to the 
student of genetics, and has, I am sure, a strong breeding- 
significance. To try to follow much of this Avork is too 
much of a statistical operation and would not interest or 
help the average breeder. I hope some time to have ac- 
cumulated data enough to make a work on just these top- 
ics of some value. The process of the evolution of our 
breeding and Avork is more interesting just now. 



Culling vs. Trapnest 

In 1919 we became interested in comparing the physi- 
cal conformation of the hens we were trapnesting with 
their actual work in the trapnest. At that time we got the 
''Call of the Hen" and studied it assiduously as so many 
others have done. Like many others we tried to apply 
the tests literally without the use of judgment. The trap- 
nest contradicted us so many times it was like getting a 
slap in the face. Reading the rules of culling according to 
the physical conformation of the hen appealed to our 
reason but it did not alwaj's follow out. We could not re- 
concile ourselves to certain facts. One was that one hen 
which we knew had laid 250 eggs was a subject Avhich these 




14. — Mr. Daniels reading leg band — Note orange box trapnest. 

15. — The finished product waiting for truck. Showing one, two 
and pen size shipping boxes and various size egg baskets. Note holes 
in end of box to supply hot weather ventilation. Square box at right 
is foreign egg shipment. Note new water cups on steps, more eggs 
for shipment and the smile that keeps the Reds laying. 

tests Avould eliminate as a beef type of hen. Her pelvic 
bones were heavy, she had a rather coarse head and was 
really a good meat type proposition. We did not at that 
time note her great breadth of back, Avliich breadth ex- 
tended to the base of her tail ; neither did we know about 
the elasticity of the sternal processes nor the relative size 
of the gizzard. 

As we learned these things both by additional reading 
and observation I am led to say there is just one way to 
judge a hen's possible production h\ her body conforma- 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 23 

tion, and that is to take her producing characteristics as 
a whole. Study her symmetry as related to all possible 
producing- indications rather than any one, two or three 
characteristics. A judge in the show room looks for sym- 
metry in a bird. This counts high and the same principles 
must be applied to production. The correlation of one 
part to another is vitally important. 

In this way we have learned to reconcile ourselves to 
many things that otlierwise would still be a mystery. 
There is one thing however, which is still an unknown, 
quantity, and that is the hen that shows all the outward 
indications of production, even so far as going to the nest 
to lay and coming off without so doing. This hen, and 
there are quite a lot of them, is a puzzler and I am trying 
to find out the 'Vhy's and wherefore's" of her. She is 
surely the arch deceiver. 

There are a number of seemingly trifling things we 
have observed that I feel sure are of much importance in 
selecting the layer. One is the head of the heavy pro- 
ducer. There is a built-for-business look about it which 
the observing poulti'yman notes at once. The beak is no- 
ticeably strong and the head back of the blade of the 
comb is broad in proportion to the rest of her. There is 
always a shortness from beak to eye and a roundness 
which, while hard to describe, is easily recognizable. Her 
eye is active and she seems to note with intelligence what 
is going on, yet for all this alertness she is easily tamed 
and never squawks into a veritable panic like her low pro- 
ducing sisters. x4nother thing I have never read is that, 
while she may weigh even more than her low producing 
sister, there is a buoyancy and lightness when joii lift her 
that a poor hen never has. One who has closely followed 
the trapnest will notice these things qnicker than one 
who does not handle their birds frequently. I honestly 
think I could look at the heads and pick from a roost or 
nest a bunch of Reds and pick ninety per cent of the good 
ones in a flock without any other test, so sure have I be- 
come in making decisions. Of course this Avould have to be 
hens in full lay or nearly so. 



Care Relative to Production 

So closely related to production and vigor are care 
and feeding that it seems the best place to sketch our 
experiences is right here, following the outline of some 
points in breeding and selection which we have encoun- 
tered. I was much impressed at Amherst last July to note 
the stress placed on the balance of care and breeding in 
production and this has proven out in our own work time 
and time again. 

In the first of our work we had to learn by experience, 
and bitter expeiience, the lessons now seemingly so el- 
emental, those of sanitation and clean food. The fact 
that I have not forgotten these years has made it possible 
for me to give help to many beginners who have brought 
their problems to me in the past three yeai-s. At that time 
moldy grain or musty sprouted oats meant nothing to us. 
Grain was grain and a hen Avas a lien and could eat any- 
thing. We had to learn by actual loss as do most, that 
there were certain danger points that could not be over- 
looked. 

One of the most expensive lessons was, I think, in the 
second year of our w^ork. We made a ''buy" of cracked 
corn. It was soft corn that had not fully ripened in the 
field. The result was that a short time after we had it 
delivered it commenced to mold. Hens were sick, oh, so 
sick ! We could not locate the cause and thought we had 
imported disease from some source. Every case of sick- 
ness was the same, a packed crop and bowel trouble. This 
led me to feel sure there Avas some local cause over w^liich 
we must have some control. I commenced to read every 
poultry disease suggestion I could get hold of, and in sev- 
eral found very distinct warning against moldy grain or 
spoiled food. I then tried to Avash the corn and tried all 
sorts of stunts. Finally Ave Imd sense enough to stop feed- 
ing it and commence treatment. I got a small funnel and 
a piece of syringe tube and started in with all the birds 
that W(^re ill and. you may believe there Avere plenty. I 
knew that the spoiled grain must be gotten out of the crop 
and that at once, so I started a Avashing process, using 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 25 

warm water and baking soda. What the poor hens thought 
1 do not know, but I do know I was as sick as they were. 
By degrees I worked the poisonous mass out of their crops 
and by care and attention brought them back to health. 
We had not at that time given any special attention to 
production, but I well remember that the entire egg yield 
dropped very Ioav during that time. 

With sprouted oats we went through the usual ex- 
periences as with all sorts of experiments. We soaked oats 
in warm water, in cold water, soaked them all night and 
twenty-four hours, soaked them in formalin solution and 
clear water. We tried wooden pails, galvanized and enam- 
eled pails to soak them in. We scrubbed and sunned trays 
and threw out oats enough to feed an army of hens until 
we got onto the very simple and effective method Ave now 
use, with seldom a bad oat. In cuts No. 9 and No. 10 are 
shown our present method very plainly. The pan under 
the bags was made esfjecially for this as was also the frame 
on which they hang. The folloAving is the method we use 
so successfully: 

The required number of oats are placed in one of the 
bags each night. These bags are made of a cheap grade 
of unbleached muslin. The bag of oats is placed in a pail 
of water at night. In cold weather this is slightly Avarm, 
in summer time Ave use it cold. In the morning they are 
hung on the rod. On the fifth day the first bag is ready 
to feed and figure No. 10 shoAvs them being emptied into 
pails for feeding. Note the wonderful mass of silvery 
roots. The bag in the cut had just two and one half quai'ts 
of oats in when put to soak. After the bag is emptied it 
is washed in hot soapsuds. Of course the oats in the bags 
are dipped in water as required to keep them groAving and 
it is surprising how very dirty the bags get. The feeding 
of sprouted oats is a religion AAdth us and every day every 
bird over one month old has its quota. 

Many people have commented upon the luxuriant 
growth of green in our runs in spite of the large number 
of chicks and hens on a rather restricted area. This is 
due in no small degree to the regular use of sprouted oats 
as well as cut clover in the hens' mash. Both of these 



26 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



things have been indirectly helpful in soil sanitation by 
permitting the growth of greens which care for the pos- 




9. — Sprouting oats in bags back of kitcben range. 

10. — Mr. Daniels emptying sprouted oats. 

11. — Feeding cockerels sprouted oats. Arrow points to old 
"Danny" among tbe youngsters. Note combination E. C. Young range 
houses. 

12. — Feeding sprouted oats to mixed lot of chicks on range. 

13. — Three months o'd pullets eating sprouted oats. Note troughs 
used for worm mash every two weeks. 

sibility of soil contamination and act as a natural disin- 
fectant. 

Today, after much loss and woriy — loss of both birds 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 27 

and feed — we know that it is absolutely impossible to be 
too particular and careful as to the quality of the feed that 
is used by the poultrynian. Any question of doubt is re- 
ferred to a strong reading glass, which will show up bad 
grain that the naked eye cannot distinguish. When there 
is then any question of doubt we simply pass up the feed 
because the loss of one good hen will mean far more than 
the loss of some poor feed. Without doubt a large per- 
centage of poultry illness is caused entirely by spoiled 
food, consequently, it is entirely preventable. 

Little by little eack 3^ear we have learned to closer un- 
derstand the needs of tlie hen. This delicately constructed 
machine has certain rules of care that are just as impor- 
tant as the care of any highly specialized work of aian, 
even more so. I wish every one who reads this would just 
consider a moment and see if they can think of anything 
man has constructed or invented that in any way com- 
pares with the marvel of the hen ? 

I am often asked for rules governing the care of the 
hen, just simple little ''do's and don'ts" that will cover the 
vital points. A list of ten, which I call the hen's ten 
commandments, is as folloAvs, and is certainly the ABC 
of success with production and cai'o of any hen : 

1. Breed for ^'igor. 

2. Cull. 

3. jS'o Lice. 

4. No Mites. 

5. Xo Intestinal Worms. 

6. Cleanliness — Absolutely. 

7. Soil Sanitation. 

8. Never Overcrowd. 

9. The Right Food and Drink. 

10. Quiet and Gentle Care at All Times. 

Get the right Icind of stock and follow these rules 
after learning all that they encompass, and success is 
bound to come. Not one of these rules can be omitted 
or broken without showing its effect. The more one can 
add to them the better the results. Poultry care is no 
work for the shirker or the lazv man or woman. 



Feeding 

The details of poultry care have been written about so 
constantly and discussed through so many avenues of 
instruction it would seem to the experienced poultry man 
that anything more would not be necessary. However, 
anyone who has heard poultry men talking will realize 
that some of the most important subjects — and those most 
universally talked about — have very much to do with how 
"Jones" and "Smith" rear their chicks, how they feed their 
layers and breeders and the pi-oblems of housing. This 
shows that all the good points have not as yet been cor- 
nered by anyone. In my work of conducting three ser- 
vice bureaus, I find that — outside of actual illness — ninety 
per cent of the inquiries from all over the world have to 
do with just these problems, and I am going into some of 
the most important ones quite in detail. 

In connection with the service bureau Avork I found 
so many inquiries had such a personal aspect concerning 
the feeding of Reds, many asking outright for our meth- 
od, that I cut a stencil and turned out some mimeograph 
sheets with Avliich to supply this information. I am du- 
plicating them exactly as used for this purpose. This 
includes our entii-e feeding schedule from the day a chick 
is hatched to its finis. We have never been able to get a 
commercial dry mash meeting our needs. This season we 
are to use the Grandin feeds on a check pen and learn 
just what can be done along this line with a feed that is 
built and sold on quality. If this Avorks out satisfactorily 
it will be a boon, as well as a labor saver, as the careful 
weighing and mixing of mash at home is a task of no 
mean proportion and better done, when done satisfactor- 
ily, ])y machine than by hand power. 



Daniels' Breeding-Laying Feed Formula 
By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 

Do not feed baby chicks until forty-eight hours old. 
Brood first week at 100 degrees. 

First feed : Sour milk, buttermilk or semi-solid but- 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 29 

termilk. ^Sweet bread rubbed fine, mixed with baby chick 
grit. Feed thrice daily. 

After the third day give access to open feeder of : Two 
parts bran, one part granulated (table) corn meal. This 
by measure. 

At the end of the first month change mash to : 
One part middlings. . One part ground hulled oats. 

Tavo parts hominy. Two parts bran. 

5 per cent Protox (or other high grade) beef scrap. 

The above by WEIGHT. 

Chick scratch grain, by measure: 
Two parts cracked corn. One part steel cut Avheat. 
One part rolled oats. 

After the first montli use larger grain but the same 
proportion of each. 

Breeding-laying mash (change from growing mash by 
degrees when pullets commence to redden and sing) : 

Middlings 10 per cent 

Corn Meal or Hominy 20 per cent 

Bran 15 per cent 

Ground Hulled Oats 15 per cent 

Gluten Feed 10 per cent 

Curtiss Cut Clover 10 per cent 

Old Process Oil Meal 5 percent 

Protox Beef Scrap 15 per cent 

This mash by WEIGHT. 
Scratch for hens is fed in deep litter, lightly in the 
morning, with good feed at night and increase of night feed 
when weather is very cold. This consists of: 
Three parts cracked corn 
One part oats 

One part wheat '.p^^-^^-. 
By measure. 
Sprouted oats are fed at noon all the year round after 
four weeks of age. Semisolid buttermilk (or sour milk) 
in fount, also water in another all the time. Milk should 
never be fed in tin or galvanized iron. Use earthen or 
enameled ware. 

Ovster shells, crit. and charcoal, should alwavs be 



30 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

available. Keep birds free from vermin with Happy Hen 
Lice Salve and house free from mites with Carbolineum. 
Kemove any ailing bird from pens as soon as noted. Treat 
for ailment or kill. We will gladly give free any service 
in any difficulty you may meet. 



Now remember that we have not gone into the feeding 
of poultry from a scientific standpoint. We have merely 
kept experimenting to get a reasonable ration that would 
keep the flock in good condition, not over stinnilate, yet 
make a good sliowing in production of eggs that would 
hatch good chicks. 

We have found one thing of great interest. In our 
work we have used the Magic Egg Tester a great deal 
and have found it an interesting study. The noting of 
the specific gravity of an Qgg: has three factors back of it. 
One is heredity. A hen laying a good testing egg will 
produce females, that, given the same care, will as a rule 
lay a like ogii;. I have tested many eggs, isolating a hen 
and using other feed combinations 'and found that when 
feed was changed, the specific gravity of the egg went 
much below the same hen's egg with our ration. Have 
had other i)oople make a like report. 

In feeding poultry there are two factors that play 
very important parts in success. One is the way the feed 
is fed and the other is the quality of the feed itself. The 
best feed in the world, when mismanaged, never gives its 
full worth of results — and poor feed has the same dis- 
appointing feature no matter how carefully fed. Good 
food rightly used is positively necessary to make any hen 
give her best service. She may be a XX hen, a 250-egg 
hen and pedigreed for ten generations, a perfect show 
specimen, or a combination of all three, but unless she 
is cared for and fed with a liberal application of good old- 
fashioned common sense (which is as rare as hen's teeth) 
and the best of food, she will never live up to her possibili- 
ties. 

The chicks we have grown from year to year have met 
our demand. They improve each year which is, to my 
mind, proof that Ave have, in a measuro. done our work 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 31 

right. The quality and improvement in quality in the 
chicks, from year to year, is the proof of the pudding. If 
the young show steady increase in desirable qualities, 
health, vigor, production, standard qualities, etc., there is 
not much doubt as to the success of the methods, what- 
ever they are. The fact that our stock has shown all 
these desirable qualities is one thing which made me con- 
sent to prepare a sketch of our Avork, as I have perfect 
confidence in our methods. 

We are asked many times concej-ning the feeding of 
semi-solid buttermilk to breeders. Why not? The food 
that will make a chick strong and healthy should make an 
egg contain the same elements that will produce a chick 
of extra vigor. 

Then, again, the cut clover comes in for discussion. 
We are told many times it contains too much bulk, that 
hens cannot lay well on so much fiber. Our trapnesting 
has disproved the latter argument and I always call at- 
tention to the gi-azing habit of the hen Avhen she has a 
chance to follow her own inclinations. She will eat grass 
or clover on range, in the morning, all day, and even at 
night after her full supper feed of grain. Clover, proper- 
ly cured, as can be supplied by the W. R. Curtiss Co., 
of Ransomville, N. Y., is one of the finest substitutes for 
range grass there is, and it is much more desirable than 
tough old grass in late summer and fall. It gives the 
hen almost as good food as she could obtain on the most 
perfect range. The vegetable protein in dry cut clover 
is very high and is in a very easily digested form. There are 
other elements in it which make for health and assist in 
giving the intensive poultry keeper a good imitation of 
natural conditions. Fed in the mash as we use it, it will 
materially help in keeping the yards green, thus being an 
indirect help to prevent soil contamination. 

The rest of our feeding is very ordinary for the most 
part. The Old Process Oil Meal is sometimes spoken of 
and the reason for its use inquired into. I consider it 
an indirect egg food. In this way — as we use it, it is prim- 
arily an aid to good heavy plumage. Birds that are to 
producp henvily in cold wenther mu'^t bo "\voll clothed and 



82 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

anything which helps in the production of feathers with- 
out drawing on the maintenance or production portion 
of the hens' ration will aid. If they use the elements 
from their regular food to make feathers, the egg yield 
will surely drop. Many of our birds lay well during the 
entire molt. Naturally, we do not try to make them, but, 
if they do, witli the same care the others are getting, we 
consider them all the more valuable. Any hen that will 
molt, lay a reasonable number of eggs and hold up good 
body weight, all at the same time, is a good breeding 
proposition. Just here the O. P. Oil Meal fills the bill. 

In my service bureau work I have had feathers from 
all over the world sent to me, and it is seldom we receive 
any that have the body of those from our own birds. This 
thick featliering makes a bird hard feathered, which has 
often been pointed out as an indication of a good layer. 
I truly feel the oil meal is a strong factor in this. 

In this respect, I often hesitate to enumerate on the 
value of some of the things Ave have found so satisfactory, 
because the mistake of thinking that if a little is good, a 
lot is better, is often made. I frequently think of a story 
Dr. Sanborn used to tell : A person was advised to use 
sulphur and lard for head lice on chickens. Promptly 
the chicks were covered with the mixture and as promptly 
died. It certainly pays to give careful directions for the 
use of anything and also, in turn, for the user to follow 
them. 

For many years we used the ordinary ground oats. 
This contains an unbelievable amount of undigestible 
fiber as we learned when we commenced sifting it to get 
suitable ground oats for small chicks, after constant 
request for ground HULLED oats we finally obtained 
same through our grain dealer. This costs considerable 
more than oi'dinary ground oats, but it is well worth the 
difference as there is practically no surplus of fiber. We 
feel, positively, that it is better to feed a fiber or roughage 
which the birds relish, such as cut clover. Since using 
the ground HULLED oats we have not had a case of in- 
digestion in any of the older birds, nor in any of the flock 
of nearlv 800 chicks. With the latter we have used from 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



the start the rolled oats in place of the usual whole oats 
in the scratch, and this I am sure has been an added ad- 
vantage. There is no better bone builder than oats but the 
disadvantage has been the excess amount of undigestible 
hull. 

Many times we are asked regarding hominy. We pre- 
fer this to corn meal after the chicks have passed the 
baby stage. The feeding value is as good as corn meal 
and there is no danger of spoilage as it is a cooked prod- 
uct. It will not heat and "go bad" as corn meal is liable 
to do under certain conditions. Then, again, we know 
that bad corn is often ground up and put on the market 
in the form of corn meal. We feel that our dealer would 
never knowingly, sell us such a product, but there is al- 
ways the possibility that he might have something put over 
him. For the small chicks we use the table corn meal, 
buying from a wholesale grocer in 100 pound lots only, 
thus being sure of its freshness. 

The importance of high-grade beef scraps cannot be 
over estimated. High grade scraps are made by butchers 
from clean trimmings, while the cheaper stuff — render- 
ing works — is from dead carcasses of diseased animals, 
etc. The difference is obvious to the most casual. Per 
sonally, I do not want to knowingly eat eggs made from 
the latter class of protein, although we have to admit that 
the hen is a wonderful chemist and can transform the 
most obnoxious of material into edible eggs. 



Sanitation 

All tlu-ougli the pi'ocoss of poultry culture, sanitation 
plays an important part. It cannot be too emphatically 
impressed on the poultry raising public. True sanita- 
tion does not stop with clean dropping boards. It in- 
cludes sanitation as applied to any living conditions, the 
cleanliness of all things used — feeders, drinking founts, 
litter especially the soil on which the young stock is 
grown. The very manner of the hen's eating calls for 
clean feeding floor and ground. 

In our first fcAV years' work we did not rear chicks 
enough to anywhere near tax the limit of our area, but, 
as a demand came for them and we saAv improvement in 
them — warranting our making the selling of good birds 
as high class breeders, we commenced to increase our out- 
put. Each year the garden has grown less, until this 
season it is a thing of memory only. 

Neither of us had any real knowledge of soil contami- 
nation. We thought all that was necessary was to seed 
dow^n occasionally and keep the worst of the filth cleaned 
up. After some hard knocks Ave found that attention to 
soil sanitation was just as important as to make the 
houses ch^an. Year by year we have learned more about 
this subject and this year, while our area is well covered 
with chicks — after several years of intensive work on the 
same plot — w^e have the best chicks we ever had. 

A great deal has been said in the past two years about 
raising chicks on new ground. That is all very well, and is 
necessary where a person has not the gumption to make 
the old ground clean. In that case it must be done. At- 
tending to this to bring results is no boy's job. Liming 
and seeding and keeping a constant heavy growth of green 
stuff— enough to use up the accumulation of droppings — 
is a steady job, and one that cannot be "let up" on. Na- 
ture, in this Avay, has a chance to do her part. The heavy 
use of lime on heavy soil each year releases the nitrogen 
which is the element making toj) groAvth and this in turn 
cleans the soil. 

Concerning the right soil for poultry, nuich has been 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 35 

said, but I think the right mau is more important than 
the right soil. I have kno^A n of poultry yards, situated 
on the most ideal soil, where coccidiosis, gapes, tapeworms 
and all other forms of •'bug"" Avere so thick there was no 
chance for the chicks. This was on the so-called "ideal" 
sandy soil with perfect drainage. Other places I have 
seen, with like condition, where the soil in the hen yards 
was so i^ackcd it was necessary to use a bar to break the 
crust. Sickness was of course evident, under such con- 
ditions; still, if these people wrote a college or any per- 
son for help, they would invariably say, ''My soil is ideal 
for poultry, being quite sandy, Avith perfect drainage." 
This is the DISADVANTAGE of ideal conditions. Ever-y- 
tliing was swinging on the natural condition and no care 
taken of it. A good loam Avliich will grow a heavy foliage 
will, I am sure, give nuieh better results, even with the 
same lack of care. 

The average poultryman cannot select his soil — at 
least, not when he is working with a back yard flock. 
This is merely supplementary to some other business. Of 
course if he is going into it in earnest he has a better 
chance to make something of a selection. 

The most trouble conies from the feeding spots. The 
feed is almost ahvays thrown in one place and this soon be- 
comes bare and filthy. We have found that the use of sand 
on these places takes away all danger. In the early spring 
or late fall we have a large pile drawn in at |1.25 per cart 
buck, and it is the cheapest disinfectant we can get hold 
of. A barn broom is used to clean up the feeding places 
and the refuse is loaded into' a barrow and taken off, with 
a return of some fresh sand. This is done every ten days 
or less, especially Avhen rainy, making the feeding spots 
just as good as fresh soil. In cuts No. 12 and No. 13, 
these sand spots can be seen very plainly. 

The cleanliness of the poultry house has a lot of influ- 
ence on health and, consequently, on production. A lot 
is written about sanitation of the henhouse. By sanita- 
tion is meant CLEANLINESS, which means free from 
filth. Just because a building is inhabited by hens is no 
reason it cannot be clean. Human beings have learned the 



36 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

lack of sanitation in their owji life means disease and 
trouble. A hen is simply another living creature with 
the same functions of life, requiring the same considera- 
tion and protection. Taken fi-om her wild state and do- 
mesticated for man's pleasure and profit — a wonderful 
food producing machine, more marvelous than Radio, 
more valuable than tlie ^'Lizzie" — she is so often given 
less consideration than the grass which grows. There is 
one salve, though, for the real poultry man or woman and 
that is — that the persons who nmke little of the hen are, 
as a rule, very fond of all good things to eat which are 
so dependent on the hen. 

I know you will think I am a fanatic. Possibly I am. 
I hope so, if it is necessary to be one to have ordinary 
humane consideration of one of the most valuable gifts 
to man. The real poultry nian or woman thinks first of 
the hen. Just the same with any person with a good 
])usiness. All successful business men have put their life 
blood into their Avork. Poultry work is as much of a 
business as the U. S. Steel. AVhy not consider the hen 
first? If one is making their bread and butter with their 
poult i-y and hopes in the future to have a little cake, why 
should it not be the strongest element in their life. A satis- 
factorily conducted poultry business requires the appli- 
cation of every business principle. Can you think of any 
really successful business, manufacturing or other, that 
would countenance the filthy conditions too often seen 
on a poultry plant? 

In this connection the elimination of all parasites 
comes under the head of sanitation, because that is one of 
the prime factors in getting rid of them and keeping rid 
of them. The old woman said it was no disgrace to find 
a, bed bug, but it was a disgrace to keep them. 

I have frequently received letters from various people 
telling me that they had only a few mites and that their 
hens were not very lousy or that occasionally they found 
a worm on the dropping board but not many. Now this 
is temporizing with trouble. One mite, one louse, one 
worm and it is time to get busy. The way in which they 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 37 

will increase is simply unbelievable. There is no need to 
tolerate any of these pests for a day. 

The mite comes first. His habit is the same as the bed 
bug. In fact, T believe he belongs to the same family. His 
is the mission of sapping the blood from various birds 
on the roosts or the chicks in the brooder. There is one 
thing which means, absolutely, sure death to the mite. 
Carbolineum. Bead the ad in this book. All range coops 
are painted once a year. It is all that is needed. Each 
pen in the laying houses lias an extra roost. This is 
treated and allowed to dry and then put in place of an- 
other which is painted and so on until all are done. The 
result is that for four years I have not seen a mite. Be- 
fore then I was tugging buckets of spray and pump several 
times a Aveek, and especially on the hottest days. Of course 
the Carbolineum makes the range houses dark but in only 
three foot depth that is of little matter. In breeding pens 
the place at the end of the roost, where roost hangs on 
any support, is also coated. It is also applied to the drop- 
ping boards and it is a help in scraping them in frosty 
weather, as the droppings do not stick nearly as hard as 
when frozen. While there are many substitutes on the 
market, no one will ever regret the use of Carbolineum. 

Many salves and powders are on the market for body 
lice. Personally, I wonder how a powder is ever sold. I 
never would subject high-bred production hens to the shak- 
ing up necessary in the application of powxler. We use the 
Happy Hen Salve and find it O. K. It will not separate 
in hot weather, Avill not blister, and will not injure fer- 
tility. It is also fine for scaley leg, and for depluming 
mites. A large number of birds can be cared for in a 
single evening, saving much upsetting of the flock and 
time for the caretaker. 

Intestinal parasites are a less superficial matter to get 
rid of. To my mind prevention is better than cure. After 
a bird has been infested with intestinal worms to the ex- 
tent that it shoAvs in its appearance, that bird has received 
a great setback. It Avill require considerable time to re- 
gain the vigor that has been lost. The span of a hen's 



38 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

life is so short that she cannot afford to spend much time 
recuperating from any sort of ailment. 

For many seasons Ave thought, as do many persons 
Avriting me, that a few worms were no cause for uneasi- 
ness, as all animals are more or less affected Avith them. 
HoAvever, aa'c learned that it Avas necessary to get rid of 
them. We used tobacco, turpentine, etc. These prepar- 
ations did the trick but the shock to the bird's systems 
seemed too great, as it Avas necessary to starve them in 
order to make them eat the stuff. About this time we got 
hold of "Hubbards Poultry Secrets*' and he made a great 
deal of reference to worms and recommended garlic. This 
Avas the best yet. It eliminated the Avorms and the birds 
Avere simply crazy about it. We tried to grow it but our 
soil Avas not adapted for it, and it proved a failure because 
Ave Avere not ahvays able to get it and Avhen Ave could, the 
])rice Avas almost prohibitive for any extensive use, being 
anyAvhcre from tAventy-five to forty cents per pound. We 
kept experimenting and at last took up another Happy 
Hen product — the Avorm powder made by them. It fills 
the bill and A\'e noAv use it regularly as a preventive and 
I candidly state that it has been instrumental in the fine 
condition of our 1922 flock. In cut No. 13 can be seen 
troughs up against the building (back of Mr. Daniels) 
Avhicli are used the 1st and 15th of each month for this 
purpose. This remedy does not shock the bird's system. 

Ordinary care in these things will have a marked in- 
fluence on any flock. It Avill make them disease resisting 
and, consequently, more able to Avithstand the changes 
of our Kew England climate. 

Speaking of the New England climate makes me tliink 
of the little boy who was asked by his teacher to write 
an essay on the advantages of the Ncav England climate. 
This is what he wrote: 

The Advantages of The NeAv England Climate 

"There ain't none. In summer my pa Avorks all the 
time to pay the ice bill. In the AAinter my pa works all 
the time to pay the coal bill" — John Dean. 

This is about so, as we have some great variations in 
temperature in very short intervals of time. 



Mating and Culling 

Successful mating of Reds is based on careful selec- 
tion, and selection is begun with rigid culling. I am 
asked many times, in the course of a year, how we make 
the sacrifice of color necessary many times to get produc- 
tion and vice versa. In the first place, in our work, we 
dispose of all the birds that are not fairly representative 
of the breed, at an early age; hence, we do not have these 
to consider. Males are marketed, while pullets that are 
poor in color or too poor in type are sold as eai'ly as they 
can be identified to various people wishing for just a pen 
of egg producers. This eliminates any chance of partial- 
ity later on when these birds are older and a desire for egg 
production above all else touches us, as it will, at times, 
any practical poultryman. Good color and type that does 
not prove out in production are picked out before the 
breeding season as by careful watching of the trapnest 
the poor birds can almost without exception be found by 
the first of February. Of course there are some birds that 
lay with considerable winter intensity, 3^et do not finish out 
a creditable year. These are the ones, especially if good as 
individuals, that test the mettle of the breeder when cull- 
ing. They are breeding uncertainties and are best off the 
program. 

Insofar as our work has gone we find that color has 
absolutely nothing to do with production. In other words 
there is no correlation between the poor color and high pro- 
duction as so many have tried to make us think. Our first 
consideration is high production, but this without due re- 
gard to reasonable color and breed type is not a good 
breeding foundation. 

I know a large plant that Avorks for high production 
alone, and their slogan seems to be "It is impossible to 
serve two masters at once." Hence — they claim, along 
with many others, that production and good Standard 
qualities, even to show quality, cannot be combined in the 
same bird. We have not gone very far in the production 
of real show birds, not, as yet, making any claim to ex- 
hibition quality, but the work we have done and the con- 



40 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

sisteiit improvements from season to season, resulting in 
a higher production average, proves to me that there is 
just one obstacle to accomplishing this end. That is the 
lack of will to perservere and study with this definite 
object as an end. As regards the serving of two masters 
•At the same time, in this connection, I feel like going one 
step further and in place of that slogan use something 
to the effect that it is desirable and possible to combine 
both qualities into one harmonious whole, the object be- 
ing to produce Standard-bred birds that will lay a credit- 
able number of eggs. In this there is but one master, 
althougii, possibly, a rather exacting one. 

In breeding Reds there are certain laws that have to 
be taken into consideration in the breeding of either ex- 
hibition or production stock and these have to be even 
more carefully observed when a combination of the two is 
effected. In both cases — or shall we say all three, as they 
represent different attitudes toward poultry breeding — 
the prepotency of the breeding material is an important 
factor. Unless birds have the power to transmit to tlieir 
progeny the qualities wanted in the flock, little progress 
will be made, and in working at first Avith any stock the 
main object should be to find the best birds as regards 
quality, using parent stock having this quality. As a safe 
foundation, vigor should be considered first of all. Vigor 
may be bred into a flock just as readily as five point 
combs, red eyes, etc. No matter wiiat object is in view, 
in poultry breeding, or what combination of objects, vigor 
is first of all. Especially in production does this hold 
true. The bird lacking in vitality, for any reason, will not 
hold up under lieaA'y joroduction. 

Prepotency holds an important place in production. 
It has one splendid advantage, without which it would 
be almost a will-o'-the-wisp, that is, it has the power of 
reproducing itself. As a rule, a bird strong in prepotency 
begets the same strong point in his offspring. 

Many people place too great stress on feeding as the 
source of high production. Feeding is part of the battle, 
but two other elements are just exactly as important. The 
production triangle to my mind is Breeding, Feeding and 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 41 

Care. One without either of the others is like a ship 
without a rudder. You may be sure in flocks that pro- 
duce well there is 33 1-3 per cent of each of these factors, 
which make up the whole. All the feed in Christendom, 
without proper care, and fed to poor birds, will not bring 
any but ordinary results. Just the same with well-bred 
birds poorly cared for and fed improperly. Or, Avith the 
best of feed and bii'ds not rightly combined. 

' We have learned that in order to realize the lieight of 
our ambitions it has been, is, and will be necessary to 
sacrifice many of the superficial things of life. Many start 
with a wonderful spurt of enthusiasm but lack staying 
qualities. To such people I would suggest that they em- 
ploy themselves Avith inanimate things. Then, Avhen in- 
terest lags and the body tires they can take that ''sighed 
for-' A'acation and nothing Avill suffer througli neglect. The 
care of God's creatures, Avhether hens, hogs or cattle is 
a man sized job. 

To the one Avilling to count the cost there is an open 
road to success. Start Avith quality. The road is too long 
to Avaste time on infei-ior stock of any kind. This does 
not necessarily mean that your birds be shoAV Avinners, 
preferably not, for the ordinary man. As the foundation 
of the flock, use birds that can be recognized as Standard 
bred Avithout a placard. A good test, were it possible, 
Avould be to put the Standard into the hands of someone 
never having heard of Rhode Island Reds. Let them look 
at the^ birds under consideration and then find that bird 
in the Standard. If they could locate them the birds 
should be pretty representative of the breed. 

When the start is made, do not expect every bird to 
produce 200 eggs nor to beget all 100 per cent chicks. Iji 
picking the good ones remember it is also necessary to find 
the poor ones and, in a Avay, it adds to the interest. If 
50 per cent of the stock you start Avith proves good as 
breeding material — shake hands Avitli yourself. 

Start Avith quality, not quantity. For the first year 
four females should supply all the chicks that one can 
study and work effectively Avith. In our first year's work 
with the pen headed by old Tat, Ave hatched, from the 



42 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

four hens, close to 200 chicks, rearing 180 to maturity. 

If such a pen is correctly mated, it is possible during 
the succeeding year, to have your families to work with. 
If the majority of these prove good, the next season there 
is material for an almost indefinite number of lines. Many 
Avill do well for a short time and then prove of little value 
and have to be discarded. If your original purchase proves 
good, return to the same breeder for ''new" blood. Tell 
him what you have accomplished and especially tell him 
of the weak points in your matings. If he is worth his 
salt he will take a keen interest in your work and in help- 
ing you advance. In case you are entirely dissatisfied 
with the results from any stock you have and feel a change 
advisable, do not bawl out the first breeder to the second. 
Say nothing about him, but do tell him what you have 
and Avliat you have not in stock. Remember, in buying 
Reds, there are only a few main arteries, the other strains 
being tributary veins. 

Constructive breeding is best attained by trapnesting. 
Not that many good birds have not been produced out- 
side of the trapnested plant. They surely have; some 
wonders. The drawback in this is the necessity of using 
too many birds to get the desired results, and not knowing 
Avliich are the good ones. 

Trapnesting to get the records of a bunch of commer- 
cial egg hens is a waste of time. The real value of the 
trapnest is in the pedigree possibilities Avhen it is used. 
By trapnesting and pedigreeing the chicks, with careful 
records, it is possible to know how each bird was produced. 
As history repeats itself it is comparatively easy to lo- 
cate the combination of birds that produce the poor ones 
and not make the same combination in another year's 
work. 

This applies to all the points desired in a flock. Pro- 
duction, vigor, color, type, etc. When it is possible to 
identify the mating producing some very fine character- 
istics, it is mighty interesting and instructive to study the 
male and female producing it. 

Inferior shelled and colored eggs can, to a great ex- 
tent, be influenced. For example. A hen lays a poor egg 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 43 

and has a tendency to transmit tMs to lier progeny. Mate 
lier with a prepotent male from a prepotent dam a good 
egg and it is almost a certain fact that a larg per cent of 
the offspring will lay a much better egg than their dam. 
This I have proven to my entire satisfaction. 

Another thing we are working on, although experi- 
ments have not covered time enough to make the results 
as positive as in the case of poor eggs. This is the hatch- 
ability of eggs. I am now practically convinced that 
hatchability is transmitted and improvement is possible 
through i^repotency of the parent stock in this one thing. 
Tests to prove this must be exhaustive, and frequently 
interfere with some other factor. One case I will cite for 
what it is worth : We had one female whose eggs hatched 
less than 30 per cent. This happened regularly and con- 
sistently, no matter how or wiien incubated or what male 
mated to. In her second year she was mated to a male 
whose dam had given us over 90 per cent hatchability for 
two years. This second year with the poor hatching dam 
gave the same ration of chicks from her eggs but, in two 
pullets from her the next year we had a strong 80 per cent 
hatchability. This is not enough to prove anything, but 
it is strong enough, so I am going to make as careful 
observation as possible another year. 

At Amherst the past summer, poor hatchability was 
taken up by Professor Sanctuary and he observed one thing 
which I also noted. In breaking a large number of eggs 
containing chicks dead in the shell, it was noted the posi- 
tion of the chick in the shell seemed to have an influence 
on its mortality, and in several cases this checked up shoAV- 
ing a lot of these came from the same hen. Heredity 
again. This brings me to the relative hatchability of eggs 
from extra good, fair and poor layers. Much stress has been 
put, of late, on the heavy layer not being a good breeder, 
that we have observed this phase with interest. I think 
the trouble has been that the production of the natural 
layer was competing with that of the forced layer. There 
is bound to be a great difference. The only trouble I have 
had in checking this that we do not allow the poor layer 
to reach the season of incubation. We cannot afford to 



44 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

experiment with them, so market such as soon as we are 
sure they are of no value. 

The observations we have made in our pedigree work 
have been about as follows : A hen laying one day, skip- 
I)ing two, then an egg, etc., may hatch a possible two out 
of ten. This witli the exception perhaps of very old breed- 
ers; althongli they, as a rule, show great intensity if they 
have been producers in tlie ])ast. The medium layer who 
lays the regular day and ski]) a day rate will supply about 
a 50 per cent hatch. The hen of high intensity — not forced 
— Avill ))e the one (nine times out of ten) to give the big 
hatches. Of course all contributary things must be run- 
ning good oi- this part cannot b(^ estimated as of much 
value. 

One of these things is care of the male heading the 
pens. Low fertility is often caused by his neglect. As a 
breeding factor, the male lias been considered to the ne- 
glect of tlie hens but as regar-ds th<^ production of fertility 
and liatchability the females have had the largest amount 
of attention. True, tins is very important, but the male 
out of condition infhicnces the ontii-e output of eggs from 
the pen. Attend to his feeding, .\rany say, ''Let them 
shift for themselves."" All I'ight, as far as it goes, but 
unless some s])ecial cjire is taken, a good breeder will in 
nine cases out of ten lose flesh and become run down. 
His very value as a breeder, attention to his mates, stops 
him from getting propei- food. He s(^ratches, calls the 
hens and leaves the giain. This a good male will do regu- 
larly. A shallow ]>an on the wall, into which his grain 
may be throAvn, will iceep him O. K. Use a little discretion 
in this. We feed a fair feed once daily this way. In some 
pens it is hard to luit tlie cup oi- pan high enough so the 
male can i-each it and so it will still be above the reach of 
the hens. They will do some wonderful stunts to get the 
grain out of the feeder. 



Hatching and Brooding 

The liatfliiiig ami blooding of tlio chicks play an im- 
portant part in the future births; almost as much as the 
work clone in the mating, feeding and care of tlie parent 
stock. Incubators are run too hot, too cold, eggs are 
turned carelessly or not often enough, all leaving their 
mark on the chick. The first thing to do is to learn to 
operate the incubators and brooders according to instruc- 
tions. If all else is Avell and reasonable and success is 
not obtained, write the manufacturer. There may be some 
little thing you have overlooked. AVe have used various 
makes of incubators and have at last settled on the 
"Prairie State" as meeting our needs the best so far. 

In cut No. 30, may be seen part of our incubating room. 
In this cut I am placing eggs in pedigree bags on top of 
one of the machines. This picture shows our incubating 
conditions Avhich differ radically from most. My routine 
is as follows : In the morning when I first rise I put my 
coffee on to percolate, Avash my hands and turn all eggs 
that are due to be turned. After breakfast I fill and fix 
all lamps. About ten a. ni. all eggs incubating over three 
days are again turned, tlien again about four p. m. and the 
last thing at night about 10 p. m., making four turnings 
per day. With this exception I follow the instructions of 
the manufacturers exactly. In order to turn eggs outside 
the machine as is necessary with the average machine, the 
outside temperature must be above GO degrees or there 
will not be heat units enough supplied to the chick during 
the 21 days of incubation to ripen it and have it hatch 
on time. All of our chicks are hatched and pedigree band- 
ed in this room. 

After being left in V.w nursery until they commence to 
raise a rumpus (that's the only thing I can think of when 
they are ready for the brooder), they are placed in flan- 
nel lined baskets — with hot a\ ater bottle in cold weather — 
and carried to the side lawn to the Hodgson Baby Chick 
House shown in Cut No. 1 in the angle of the house. Both 
roofs are shown raised in this picture. This is placed in the 
corner, as it is a most wonderfully protected spot and does 



46 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

not get the wind during the -cliicks first few days. As 
soon as another hatch is due I move these to one of the 
more exposed houses and clean, the corner one so that it 
is ready for the next hatcli. In opening the brooder to 
care for them they are not exposed to as much wind as 
the others. Tliis is only a small item but the chick itself 
is a pretty small thing until it is a week or more old. 

We find for our work the Hodgson Baby Chick House 
is the sure road to chick growth. Note in cut No. 1 the 
possibilities of ventilation. Every inch of this brooder 
can be opened to direct rays of the sun. On the left of 
the cut one is shown with roof partly raised. This admits 
ventilation on warm days, when rainy. Chicks — about 
sixty-five to a Chick House — are grown in these until they 
are transferred to the house at my right, in cut No. 32. 
(I stand on a box and am just turning a page of address 
to Connecticut Poultry Association members.) This has 
another style oil hover. 

From this, as soon as they are hardened off, we move 
them to the combination range coops shown in cuts Nos. 
11 and 17. We have twenty-four of these and they are the 
finest of anything for the chicks. We get them portable 
from E. C. Young of Randolph, Mass., and they can be set 
up in a few moments time. Each section is 3 x 6 feet and 
can be taken on a wheelbarrow and moved easily by one 
man. By the time the chicks are put into these houses 
with an old style oil hover they can stand most any sort 
of weather but can, in a pinch, be confined, as they have 
the open front part as a scratch pen. Feeders are placed 
on stands about six inches from the floor; also, milk and 
water founts are thus kept free from litter. Again, the 
ventilation of these coops is fine and, as a growing chick 
throws off a lot of body heat, good ventilation is very 
essential to keep them healthy. 

We place the roosts in these coops just as soon as the 
hover is removed. These are four inches wide and placed 
one foot from the floor. It is seldom I have to put a 
chick on the roost. At first they learn to hop on them 
during the daytime, and shortly all are comfortably perch- 
ed at night. This puts a stop to corner crowding as soon 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 47 

as the hover is removed and gives each chick an equal 
chance. 

I fully believe two reasons why hen reared chicks often 
do better than brooder reared, all other conditions being 
the same, are due to two things, crowding and poor venti- 
lation. The nearer one can come to following nature's 
way in rearing chicks, the better the results. Of course 
the commercial man cannot rear his thousands of chicks 
in small units, it is an economic impossibility, but the 
person actually breeding, putting in many hours of study 
and work to attain improvement, cannot afford to throw 
aw^ay his work just to save time on chick care. This is 
too much like robbing Peter to pay Paul. 

We find the Hodgson Baby Chick House will rear 
chicks as well as the hen, if given reasonable care. It can 
be used to care for chicks under conditions and at times 
when hens are impracticable. In February we have few 
hens that want to set, yet, in many phases of breeding the 
February chick is an asset. In Massachusetts we have had 
about all lands of winter weather that one can have, and 
I have used my Hodgson Chick houses in February, with 
a 100 per cent score on raising chicks. Coated with ice — 
and a blizzard outside — made no difference. Of course a 
shed would make it much easier for the attendant to do 
the work but the brooder will function i>erfectly without, 
which is a pretty good test. 

Anyone working with high-grade poultry, wiio increas- 
es their business to the point where outside help is neces- 
sary, had best attend to their own incubating and brooding 
unless they can get an absolutely efficient man or woman 
to do this. They are very scarce. We feel it better to hire 
some of the more laborious work done and look after the 
immediate concern of the birds personally. Possibly at 
some time we will expand to the point where Ave will dis- 
cover that someone else can do things as they should be 
done, but in the care of live stock of any sort, a pretty good 
rule to follow in order to have things done as they should 
be, is to do them yourself. 

It is even better to continue to work for still higher 
quality than increased numbers. We are too apt to say, 



48 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



•'Oh, Jones! He has 3,000 birds, which he winters." Or 
on the other hand, ''Smith, I never heard of him, he can't 
keep over a hnndred or we wonld know about him." 
Smith's 100 birds miglit be really worth more than Jones' 
3,000, but quantity spells success to many. Quantity is 
usually necessary in selecting fine birds where lar^e 
ma tings are used, but where careful and small matings are 
made and every chick pedigreed, there is a greater chance 
to get a larger percentage of good ones. In the small breed- 
er's Avork ever\^ bird must have high individual merit to get 
into the breeding pen and this has its effect on the chicks 
hatched. 

It is actually impossible for one man to care for a 
large nund>er of birds when there is pedigree breeding and 
work to be looked after. There are details connected with 
this ])has(' of the work, Avhich many in the poultry business 
nevei* realize. The overhead is enormous — for the number 
of birds. I merely speak of this with the idea of not mis- 
leading my readers into thinking that because Ave make 
a good living from a flock of less than 125 breeders is 
a get-rich-quick game. It is not. But it is well worth 
the effort, Avhen acconq)anied l)y the necessary enthusiasm 
and interest. 



Notes On Breeding and Pedigree Charts 

To make our line of work clearer I am including the 
pedigree of three chicks whose pictures appear on other 
pages. These are 1922 chicks and their pedigrees show 
exactly how they hfive been produced. Added to this are 
the interesting cuts of several of each chick's ancestors. 1 




34. — Number 79. Laid 3C'l eggs first year; 227 second year 
heavily in moult. Note the breast and bowl and well balanced body 
out of hen No. 9, and "Danny." 

36. — Number 138 out of No. 17. Laid 241 eggs first year. See No. 
37. 

37. — Number 183 out of hen 138 — year complete, 191 eggs. 

38. — Baby pullet out of No. 183. Note the type as chick. 

wish I could even indicate tlie improvement in the color 
as well. 

In the pedigree of the chick from No. 17 showing the 
leg and wing band, in cuts Nos. 7 and 8 it will be noted 



50 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



that the dam is five years old. In this season she was 
mated back to a cockerel out of ISo. 79, whose sire was 
]nn' full brother. This cockerel traces back to the sire of 
No. 17 thrice, and there are three direct tracings back to 
No. 0, her half sister. The strengtliening vein in this com- 
bination is that of No. 5 aiul "Daddy," wliich came down to 
"Tinker" through No. ()7. 

Tlie pedigree of the pullet in cut No. 38 sliows another 
combination of blood strongest and most direct on the 
same line, that of No. 17. In this case the pullet is the 
great grand daughter of No. 17 and a study of the pedigree 
chart AN'ill show bow No. 17 was mated to her half brothei' 
sired by her sire, producing No. locS (see cut No. 
8(>). No. 138 was mated to Tliunder, an entirely 
unrelated male, l)reaking tlie closeness of the relationship. 




27.— Number 115, 271 eggs first year. The hen with $1,000.00 
type, which she transmits to her chicks. See 28 and 21). 

28. — Son of Number 115. Note the wonderful racey lines — the 
head showing business in every feature. 

29. — Daughter of No. 115, th]'ee months old, a very promising 
chick with body conformation strongly indicative of high production. 

He was out of hen No. 7 and sired by "Daddy," two of the 
l»ii(ls in (he second i»en we ])urchased in 1017. From this 
mating of Tliundei- and No. 138 we had s])l(Midid results^ 
one of the chicks l)eing No. 183 wlio, in 10122 Avas mated 
to her half brother, "Thunder Two," a grandson of No. 0, 
Avliich mating brings into tlie great grand daughter of No. 
17— the chick is cut No. 3)8— the blood of No. 9. This 
shows how we have l)red "in" and "out'' Avith the same fam- 
ily lines, creating new combinations and strengthening 
Aveak points as Avell as int(Misifying the strong. 

The third pedigree is that of the cockerel and pulU't in 
cuts Nos. 28 and 29 Avhich are, I think, the best examples 
of the intense Avork Ave have done Avith the No. 9 l)lood. This 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



51 



pedigree sIioavs the careful infusion of two new — or un- 
related — lines, Avitli very close breeding on one line. A 
little study of the chart and the cuts "will show how this 

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 

Seal Band Number Sex T? Date of Hatch7rt\j»^ V'^~V'\2.3^ Bred, Owned and Reared by 

HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 

Date Sold to 



eNoAmJiiLlS 






,No. 1*^3 



Par 

5.11 -1- o-^- 17. 



, N^llUMMiU*- 



S,..eNoAM^ 



I Dam No. - J 

I . - 



■Sue NoSy aH 'fl'«-> 






\cd 



Dam No. sj 
Sire No. It^-T 



[Sire No. 


7 


I Dam No. 




1 Si re No. 




IDamNo.... 




1 Sire No.. . 




1 Dam No., 




1 Si re No. 




IDam No. . 




1 Sire No. 


r 


IDamNo. 





Dam No. I 

I , 

3. X 1. - 2- fc.^ trr. 



..so.*i^yj^ 



IDamNo (, 



IDam No. ' . 



I Sire No, 
IDamNo. 



Dam No. I.-^P 



cNo. I \L«JL*AV/ 



.o.1tA,'t. 



IDamNo. "« 5 
(Sire No. I M 



Dam No. .'--.I- 



o < 



t'Hn^p^M^ . 



Peclig-ree No. 2. 

has been instrumental in the results we have attained. 

In pedigree !No. 3, the sire is a combination of the No. 
9 blood and the No. 7 ''Daddy'' line. A son of No. 150, 
who was out of hen No. 73, a daughter of No. 9, mated 
to another daughter of No. 73 — sired by ''Smarty,'' the 



52 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



son of No. 67, who was No. 73's full sister. The new 
blood on that side was being introduced via No. 07, who 
was mated to a son of No. 5, "Daddy." On the sire's side, 
this chick luis the fine combination of the blood of No. 7 

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 



Seal Band Numbtr 



Sex'XW . Date of Hatch'XYVcw i4-lS2.X Bred, Owned and Reared by 

HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 

Sold to 



VcCJuuhaC^ 









T- 



li,.- N,.Vj/iuaaL 

lam No. V ( 

Pam No. • 



No-W I t>M 






lam No ( , 

ire No. K °^ 



Dam No. '^ 



S.re No. jQodL^L 
Dam No. *t 

IS, re No. ^a4jU4 
IDamNo T , 

ISire No. C*«Ui*«lvevv. 
loamNo •. 

(SireNo.nOHT 

< =» I 

IDamNo^ i . . 

Sire No. ' 



-TcJt 



Dam No. I 



I a 



1 Dam No. I I 



Dam No. r-'-. 



(Sire No. 
IDamNo. 



Pedigree No. 1. 

and No. 9, ''Danny" line, which in turn was mated to No. 
150, who carries blood from King, Avhose ancestry com- 
bines from another family carryijig- the original No. 1, 
"Tat" blood, through Jimmy and No. 93. 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



53 



While these combinations never were planned out be- 
fore the pens were put together from season to season, 
it has been possible to make some outline of the work 
before mating to get the proper nicking of the various lines 

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red 

Seal Band Number SexXWaJW. Date of HatchA!(\AA.c)l\ . *tr : . ) "^ 2- ^ Bred, Owned and Reared by 

HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts 






Dam No. I \P 



lotilUucWl 



Dam No. I 1 4 



;No. r^l*4 



,.ia*d<jUj 

Dam No. l.- 

jSue No kWu-U 
I Dam No. 1 



oi&AMAfA^GW. 



|Dam No ' 

IS, re No. I cdt 

i Dam No. S 

(S.re No. I aX 
I Dam No. I 



S3 



Dam No. I 50 



Dam No. 1 <-> 



,No^at 

n No. ^ 

? No.»JKa.«jwa**^ 

■n No. l 



s;*3pWiA*Jm 



^Tot 



NO. ^1 



^G iSiieNo.Vojt 

o. .1 :^ I 

|Dam No. I 

o.f^hiLl^"'^-"^^-^':^^ 

I IDam No. ,' 



IDam N 



j Dam No. '-' 



.^oU^ 



No.^1 



Ixr-XyU 



iDamNo^^ 

(SireNori<%i 
lOamAo^ I 



Dam No. IP 



Dam No I 



(Dam No., 



DamNu I, , 



Pedigree No. 3. 

that offered the greatest breeding possibilities. Each year 
the work had been surer and the results have been 
estimated more accurately, shoAving we have found the 
the right blood traits. 



54 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



The present year's crop of youngsters show the best 
breeding and also show more established characteristics 
than any percentage of any previous year's birds. The 
fact that the characteristics we w^ant most are becoming 
fixed in the larger percentage of the young stock is proof 
of the constructive nature of our operations, which makes 
the Avork after all seems mucli less than it would were we 
always struggling against a blind wall. I fully believe 
this i-apid iiiiprovement is oidy ])ossible where each bird 
in each mating has its full value tested as a breeder by 
careful pedigree of all its progeny. In this Avay the fe- 
males are studied as closely as tlie males, Avhich is very 
necessai'V to i-apid improvement. 

When the finished product is ready to be disposed of, 
another man sized job confronts the poultry man. Many 
breeders have good stock and are willing to give fine values 
but through some lack of foresight or lack of ''selling 
sense" fail to get the market their goods deserve. Our 
work in this line has been a sort of evolution, and I am 
going to give a slight outline of the history of it as I am 
sure the reading Avill be interesting at least, and may help 
others just at this point. 

Before the consideration of any advertising one must 
be sure to have just Avliat the juiblic Avants. In poultry 
selling, it is practically imi)ossible to cultivate a market 
as has been done in some things that have been put on the 
the market. After being reasonably sure you have Avhat 
the public is looking for, use every legitimate means to 
let them knoAV you have it and Avill sell. Granted you 
have a mighty good line of stuff, unless you have the poAver 
to set tlie merits of your flock into Avritten form to create 
interest, get some one used to the Avork to do it for you. 
Keep your name as associated Avith some particular and 
desii'able feature of your stock always before the public. 

AVhen Ave first commenced advei-tising Ave used a local 
neAvs])aper. This is not usually a good medium for good 
stock but I made it a study to Avord my copy so people 
Avould look for it from Aveek to Aveek, ahvays leading from 
one Aveek\s ad to another. This proved good business, and 
manv told us thcA' looked toi- our little fiftA' cent ad after 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 55 

reading the news headlines. As we outgrew this class of 
trade and had stock which merited a larger field of cus- 
tomers, we commenced with a classified ad in the Red 
Journal. This brought business, and we then took dis- 
play space. We have never exceeded four inches and find 
that this size ad handles our present capacity, bringing in 
a steady and growing number of new inquiries. 

After your prospect has been prompted to w^rite you, 
the sale is far from made, and lack of care in making your 
reply to his inquiry ^^'ill lose many a sale. Form letters 
cannot be used as a dozen inquiries may come in on one 
mail and no two in anyway resembling each other. It is 
possible to help out on tlie letter writing, which is a good 
sized job, by some carefully prepared and timely mimeo- 
graph or printed sheets. These can be made to cover vari- 
ous phases of selling. 

Our first hatching egg shipments were made in 1919. 
This was before we had any x)edigreed stock to sell and the 
office work Mas very light. Month by month the mail 
increased. 

In 1920 when ^\Q sold back to Owen Farms a pen of 
ten record females directly out of the original pen which 
we purchased from "Sir. Delano, and he made the fine 
arrangement which booked our pens in his mating list, 
we commenced to do a real business. Our own work was 
becoming known and the publicity of the arrangement with 
OAven Farms combined to give us a real standing in the 
''Red World." Mr. Delano, a keen business man, saw the 
advantage of this arrangement, not only to us, but to 
himself, because it showed plainly Avhat could be done with 
his stock by keeping one hundred per cent pure. This was. 
to us, an entirely unlooked for outcome of the application 
of our ideas.. 

Our little plant, started with four yearling hens and a 
cockerel, has grown steadily in output and is convincing 
proof of what can be done by application, work and de- 
termination to succeed. ''Xothing succeeds like success" 
is true, and after the first few hard years, one should be 
able to keep improving this work from season to season. 
It never will do to let up on constant vigilance, but the 



56 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

elementary experience should prevent much of the so-called 
''bad luck" the poultry man cries about. 

We are now looking for a larger area, not so much 
with a view to increasing the breeding capacity, but to 
simplify the rearing of the chicks and make more yard 
room for all stock. We feel, hoAvever, that whatever suc- 
cess we may achieve in the future Avill be dependent on 
the conquering of our present difficulties. 



Office Routine 

Many very fine poultry men and women have not had 
office training and are at sea ^\'hen it conies to the neces- 
sary clerical work involved in giving to the public the 
service their good money pays for. Correspondence must 
be properly attended to, records correctly kept, and orders 
booked in a way to insui'C no oversight on w^rong filing. 
This positively requires a system. Our was evolved 
with the help of an office equipment expert, wiio, however, 
was not familiar with poultry work. We gave him an idea 
of our needs, that which we must keep track of and the 
necessity for so doing and, through his interested sugges- 
tion, we now have a very complete and efficient method. 
I w^ell remember tlie first time he came to size up our 
needs. It was quite a joke to him (he laughing to himself, 
as he has since admitted) that anyone Avitli a few hens in 
the back yard should want to put in steel filing Today 
he has quite a large respect for the poultry business and 
is very prompt in filling our- orders 

In the January 1922 Red Journal appeared our entire 
office system and T am leproducing it herewith : 

So much has been said concerning the feeding, 
care and breeding of Keds and very little about the very 
important part devoted to handling the sales, etc., that in 
answer to many appeals for same, I am going to outline 
our methods and policy. 

In many cases that I have come in contact with very 
little attention has been paid to this end of the work until 
it was necessary to hire competent help and get a working 

John Doe 1-10-21 Xey E 

Albany, Michigan. 9-2-21 C. 

2ind inquiry-chlc^g" 6-5-21 
3rd " cockerel 9-2-21 

system under way. This is unnecessary as anyone even 
selling but a few birds or a fcAV settings of eggs can for a 
very small sum be efficiently equipped to have a really 
good foundation for a larger business later on. 

This simple initial equipment can consist of one wood- 



58 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

en 3x5 card filo and tliroe oi-dinary pasteboard letter files, 
and three 4v() card files. Tlii.s is tlie system of using these: 
The 3x5 card has the name and address of the inquirer 
on, also the date of inquiry and when subsequent letters 
are received this date is put on, keeping the mailing list 
up to the minute and allowing the breeder to discontinue 
any names after a certain time wlien they are considered 

John Doe Ship Warch 10-22 

Albany, Michigan. Booked Dec. 3-21 

15 eggB pen 10 

8 « "1 
Total Value $20.00 

Cash 6.00 

Due ^15.00 pd 2-20-22 



EggB to be used as foundation stock. 



in office parlance as "dead." This time varies, 
them two years. 

The 4x() cai'd files are labeled ''egg orders"', ''stock or- 
der'' and "oiders sliipped". Figure 2 shows Iioav a stock or- 
der is cared for. It is tiled under guides indicating dates of 
shipment. Egg orders tlie same. When the order is ship- 
ped the card is removed from oi'ders, and placed under 

John Doe, Ship Oct. 10-21 

Albany, Michigan. Booked 9-2-21, J^ 

1 S. Oi RED COCKEREL. #100. *^w 

Total Value $20.00. g. P" 

Cash 5.00 o o 

Due _$i6^Q9_ pd 9-20-21. g-g 

r3 

1 « H 

a>n 
I 

^^ M 

M 9 

• e*- 

To mate John Jones stocky smut bar desired. ^ 

alphabetical guides as an order shipped, note of time of 
shipment being written aci-oss end of cai-d as indicated. 



, tO 


m 


' ^^ 


V 




H- 


o 


•d 


5* 


Ti 


H" 


o 


O 


p. 


X 




IS 


0) 


P 


o 


m a* 




p 


(S 


►d c*- 


OQ 


<D o 


OT 


'i D* 


(D 


o 




MP. 


0» 


(D >, 


1 


«+ 


*-» 


r* <J 


o 


O <S 


1 


>i ^ 


^^ 


•<! 


to 


*> 




1 m 




0> c+ 




1 1 




CO o 




W 3 




OT 




s. We hold 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 59 

When tliat order is heard fi-om — if ever — a note of what- 
ever the customer has to say is made. These are instantly 
accessible for information. 

The three letter files are used as follo\^'s : one for in- 
quiries, one for customers and one for general price lists, 
small catalogues, receipts, etc., that are wanted for refer- 
ence. 

A typewriter is almost indispensable. One can get a 
rebuilt machine reasonable. We used one for one year and 
did not lay out one cent for repairs, then we purchased a 
new Oliver, which, while being a low-priced machine, does 
excellent work. Wlu'U a machine is used it is easy to keep 
a carbon of every rei)ly made, order sent for supplies, etc. 
Later I will show how valuable such is. 

Stationery is important. The poultry breeder does a 
mail order business and his first impression is made by his 
advertisements, second by stationery. Use good paper. 
It is an ear mark of the ])usiness man today. End^ossed 
heads, etc., are not necessary. But do get a good quality 
paper and euA^elopes. Have a good job of printing done, 
l^oultry breeders are apt to go in for sensational station- 
ery. Why, I do not know. ]Make your letterhead tell some 
pertinent things about your birds, but keep all advertis- 
ing off the envelopes. Many people interested in poultry 
and likely to answer your advertisements do not care for 
mail coming to tlieir address covered with cheap red or 
vari-colored cuts. In all dealing with the public a little 
conservation is safest. The sensational savors of the hux- 
ter who caters to the cheap trade. By this I do not mean 
low-priced trade. There is a very marked difference. 

When w^e commenced our first selling we had just the 
(equipment described. As the business grew Ave added card 
files and letter files until we ^^'ere buried under so many 
files and boxes wo added to our outfit a very com])lete steel 
file. This is sectional and can be added to as we require. 
Each letter section will car-e for 20,000 letters. Another 
will hold 6,000 of the 3x5 cards. Below this is the four 
drawer section caring for orders of eggs and stock. Be- 
low that is a single drawer for any legal documents, bank 
statements, etc., and two dvnwers holdinsi (5x8 cards on 



60 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 

whicli we keep onr egg records, those cards being taken 
from the pens and filed every two weeks. Below this is a 
single letter file drawer used for some special work. We 
find the "Security" line meets the needs of this work in 
splendid shape and, while the initial cost may seem a bit 
high, we liave equipment that will last as long as we and 
stand any amount of usage. 

Before one has use for any of this, one needs have an 
advertisement or Wo. Make this in accordance with the 
amount of stuff you have to sell. If you cannot write an 
ad that has selling power, get some first class man in the 
advertising business to coach you, or take a course in ad 
writing. The same principles of selling apply to poultry 
as to automobiles. Have the goods. Get people interested 
through your ad. Do not claim Avhat you have not got. 
Do not try to be sensational. Keep before the public all 
the year through. Get all legitimate indirect publicity 
possible in way of notes, 'Svas present" items, etc. The 
more known your name is the better knoAvn your product 
and the easier for people to buy of you. When the telling 
ad gets a result the sale is yet to be made. This is where 
poor, cheap looking stationery does not carry through the 
first impression. Handle this with exactly the same dig- 
nity as if you were selling very high grade furniture. Note 
the stationery used V>y first class business houses and the 
appeal it makes to you. When your inquiries come in 
make a prompt iei)ly. ]Make it direct and in detail. If 
any questions about your stock are asked, see that they 
are answered fully. Do not use too many Avords in telling 
what yon have to say, but do not be too skimpy. Make 
each letter a personal one. Not merely a personal letter, 
])nt make it ha\ e the identifying marks shoA\ing it was 
written to that one particular person and it could not be 
an office form used for all. In poultry work Avhere breed- 
ing birds and eggs are sold a form letter does not bring 
business. 

In describing your oAvn birds do not forget that the 
one you are writing to has a good opinion of his OAvn stock 
and possibly has a good right to have. Tell it as it is. Do 
not over-rate yonr own. Writ" tliat lotter just as ^hough 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 61 

you were to receive it and wanted it to satisfy. Next, if 
the prospective customer feels that you have that which he 
wants he will send you a payment. In your first letter 
you should give all details of ordering, payments and your 
guarantee ( which nuist be a money -back one to be of any 
value) unless this is covered by printed matter. When you 
receive the money order or check, acknowledge it at once 
and give any necessary information concerning shipments. 
AMien stock or eggs are shipped, send a notice along. 

Now it will occur in some instances that opinions will 
differ as to the value of a bird. You will write your de- 
scription of what you have all in good faith. When the 
customer gets the bird he does not see it as you wrote. It 
is difficult to describe things on paper as they actually 
are. In this case the customer is dissatisfied. He may not 
know real values. There was a time when most of us did 
not, so it's nothing to become profane over. He may send 
the stock back, which he has a perfect right to do under 
your money-back guarantee within your specified time lim- 
it. In this case send his money back as quickly as you 
can. He may write you a very sarcastic letter. Any 
poultryman who has sold birds for five years could show 
some that would start a laAvsuit in any other business. 
Some written in dead earnest, too, from people sincerely 
believing themselves "done". These are very difficult to 
handle. The only safe way is to be sure they get their 
money back at once and treat them with the utmost cour- 
tesy.- It may be difficult, as I have seen letters that would 
reduce almost any red-blooded man to a savage. I have in 
my possession several entire sets of correspondence con- 
cerning poultry deals that have been sent me by j)oultry- 
men to know ^\]\i\t on earth could bo done to protect them 
from such insults. In one case a breeder sold to another 
breeder a bird. He did not like him for some reason and 
resold him. Would not even let the breeder of whom he 
bought supply him with a bird to use in his pen and really 
as I read and re-read the many letters in this case all i 
could think of was an old saying, "He would kick if he 
was going to be hung." There seemed to be no possible ad- 
justment of the trouble and the breeder offered him a bird 



62 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



gratis after all the rumpus. Another case I call to mind 
was one in which a prospective customer did not want to 
pay for a bird ; said he never did business on that basis, but 
finally did pay cash and did not like the bird. There was 
no way to satisfy him. He would not take his money back 
nor another bird, but complained of the fact that he had 
been compelled to pay cash. Said he never would do busi- 
ness that way again. You may be sure if either of these 
parties wrote me asking quotations I Avould not quote. 
These letters were sent me in confidence to see if there was 
any way in which I could us them as examples. 

It is good to be able to say, however, that these are very 
unusual cases. They do occur and arc very difficult to 
handle without antagonizing the customer and Avith dig- 
nity to the breeder. These instances are where the use of 
carl)ons in all correspondence is of inestimable value. 

I am today in receipt of another lot of correspondence 
of a similar natui-e in which the badly used customer 
wants to inform th(> man with whom lie has been dealing 
that he is a liar. In this case I have the carbons of the 
breeder's letters and he has practically offered to give the 
man a bird to suit rather than have him dissatisfied. The 
customer even went so far as to write the breeder he was 
going to copy every letter and send same to the Red Jour- 
nal for publication. This was rather amusing when the 
same breeder was doing all in his ]K)wer to more than live 
up to his guarantees. 

The meat of this is to be able to avoid those annoying 
experiences. I Avould suggest three things as of much im- 
portance in doing this : 

First. Cash for all dealings with a strict money-back 
if not satisfied guarantee. Live up to it. You, as sales- 
men, AvoiTt send out birds not of good value under this 
rule. 

Second. (Jive freely all help asked foi- in any way con- 
nected Avith the work. Do not hnxL' any loaning or bor- 
I'owing of birds or make any exceptions in price to any- 
one. These things always lead to comi)li(ations. 

Third. Conduct your business insofar a?? you are cap- 
able the same as anv other legitimate business. Read all 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



letters of inquiry with care. Get the customer's viewpoint. 
Answer his questions fully. Never cut in price after first 
quotations. Go careful Avith the man who writes you that 
he has always been badly treated, cheated by all and the 
victim of "bad luck". 

Kemember in all dealings to be courteous, dignified 
and honest. These are cardinal virtues in any business. 

Aside from the actual work in the office of the poultry 
breeder there are some things that make the business have 
more tone. One is in making shipments. Use standard 
made boxes for stock. Put clean shavings in and a good 
cup of water. Label the crate plainly and have it made of 
as light lumber as possible. These things insure better 
care in transit, a. better advertisement for you by all Avho 
see the shipment. The same with eggs. Pack them well. 
Do not stint of interlinings or packing material. Have 
well printed labels plainly addressed. 

In all Avork connected with the breeding, rearing, sell- 
ing stock or eggs from your flock of Rhode Island Reds, re- 
member, "What's worth doing at all is worth doing well.'' 

In cut No. 2 is shown a picture of our office, which 
used to be our dining room, as it appears today. The re- 
print above from the Red Journal explains all the details 
of the filing syst(MU, with the exception of the very top of 
the middle section which has been added since that article 
was written and Avhicli cares for the correspondence from 
all foreign countries, the AVestern Poultry Journal infor- 
mation bureau and one section is devoted to miscellaneous 
cards. 

Just as the closing pages of this book are being Avritten 
we had our biggest day, Avhich, to an extent, shoAvs the 
value of the Avork we are doing in the New England poul- 
tryman's eyes. In the accompanying cut is shoAvn a group 
of poultry men and Avomen Avho made up the Connecticut 
Poultry Association tour this year, as they appeared listen- 
ing to an account of our Avork, on August 17. AVe pracard- 
ed evei-y interesting feature Ave could of the Avork and had 
a display of birds in exhibition coops at right of the pic- 
ture in AvMcli practically all the birds in the cuts in this 
book were shoAvn. The fact that the thermometer stood at 



64 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



120 degrees nearly all day when this pai-ty was at our 
place indicates some ])retty enthusiastic ])on]try men and 
women. 

Nearly all tlie cuts sliown on these pages are self ex- 
])lanatory Avith the help of the captions. In writing this 
I know^ I will feel 1 liave neglected many things that many 
Avould like to know about, and doubtless gone into details 
not interesting to some. Should I ever decide to try again 
I am sure I could make a more interesting job of it. I 
sincerely hope some may find a few hints that will prove 
helpful. It has been our jji-actice from the very first to 




Connecticut Poultry Association at Daniels' Plant, August 17, 1922. 

give freely to the public whatever infornmtion we could, 
thnt would be of help. Not only has this been a literal 
boomerang to us but it has been of some little help to oth- 
ers, I know. Anything that stimulates interest in, and 
helps any business is bound to Ix'uefit all concerned. It 
is a pretty good ideal to follow^ — ^"helping othcM-s to help 
themselves." 

In closing I am going to give a few recipes for home 
treatment of sick birds that may help until a good remedy 
for the ailment may be obtained. We keep a corner 
stocked with Happy Hen remedies. Tliey have proven ex- 
cellent and to tlie point A\'hen needed, which is seldom. 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 65 

Ginger Pills. 

For indigestion, diairhea, colds, etc., in fact wherever 
a warming, sliglitly tonic pill can be used. One dally. 
1 teas;])oo)jful powdered ginger 
1 teaspoonful poAvdered nuistard. 
1 teaspoonful powdered sulphur. 
1 teaspoonful powdered asafoetida. 
Vo teaspoon ix)Avdered red pepper. 
Mix with lard to make pills and roll in powdered 
charcoal. Pills size of marble. 

Douglas Mixture. 

Valuable as a tonic for molting birds, especially. Dose, 
one ounce in a gallon of water three times a week. 

One pound copperas. Dissolve in two gallons of water. 
Add, stirring well, one ounce oil of vitriol. Keep in jugs. 

For Vent Gleet. 

Remove bird from pen. Wash parts twice daily with a 
very strong solution of Permanganate of Potash. Clean 
hands thoroughly. Do not get any of the discharge in 
eyes. With scrupulous care infection may be destroyed 
in ten days. 

Canker. 

Paint with iodine and remove the cheeselike growth. 
Get a good canker remedy as soon as possible. 

Frosted Combs. 

1'haw with snoAv or ice water as soon as noted. Ai)ply 
carbolated vaseline freely. Look out for the next cold 
snap. 

Bumble Foot. 

Lance and cleanse wound. Vhg peroxide. Bandage 
and dress daily. 

Running at Nose, Sneezing and Rattling in Throat. 

Use a good rouj) remedy, cleanse nostiil and apply cai- 
bolated vaseline or camphorated oil freely. In sudden 
cases where a roup remedy is not immediately available, 
a few drops of some standard liniment, such as Sloan's 
( on a bit of biead ) , will often give relief. 



66 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



Soft Shelled Eggs. 

Soft shelled eggs are caused by fright or over fat, also 
by a forcing ration. Remove cause. Two teaspoonsful Sul- 
phate of Magnesia to a quart of Avater. Feed cut clover 
and plenty of clean oyster shell, which w^ill correct this 
trouble unless caused by some actual diseased condition 
of the oviduct. 

Egg Bound. 

This is frequently noted in cold snaps, especially in 
pullets just, commencing production. Remove to warm 
room, bathe vent with Avarm water and apply olive oil. 
Put one teaspoon ful of Hayden's Viburnum Compound in 
one ounce of warm Avatei' and give one teaspoonful every 
fifteen minutes until distress is relieved. 

Feather Eating. 

File beak point so the tip Avill not meet. This allows 
bird to merely ''comb" the feathers. Also apply a strong 
solution of bitter aloes to feathers. Filing the beak is also 
a good preventative for egg eating, but birds must be fed 
grain in a trough as the beak is ver^^ tendei'. Adding oue- 
half pound of salt to each 100 pounds of mash Avill some- 
times supply tlie need indicated by this vice. 

Crop Bound. 

Make an incision one and one-half inches long in outer 
skin of crop, after removing a few feathers. Then make 
a smaller cut in inner skin. With buttonhook and finger 
remoA^e the contents, being sure all is removed, and Avasli 
out with peroxide solution. Scav inner skin with three 
i^urgeon's stitches (take up stitch and tie, then cut the 
thread). Then sew, separately, the outer skin. Feed very 
liglitly for a couple of days and on soft food for a Aveek. 

When it is necessary to administer any medicine to a 
hen or chick a me<licine dropper AAdll be found a valuable 
hel]). Castor oiJ had best be given in capsules, as there 
is danger of strangulation Avhen poured down gullet. 

To break up broody hens, remove from nest the first 
night they take to nest and place in pen where there is 
no litter for nesting material. We use a 3x6 colony coop 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 67 

with O. K. litter on floor. Feed exactly as in laying pens 
and give an outside run if possible. A series of colored 
bands may be used wliere trapnesting is not practiced, to 
learn the number of times in a year a hen is broody. 

Regarding Advertisements. 

Just a few of the people whose goods wd have used 
have been given a chance to take advertising space in the 
back of book. 

The Happy Hen remedies we use, and we find tliem as 
advertised. 

E. C Young of Randolph, Mass., has supplied about 
all the portable poultry houses, exhibition cooi)s, etc., we 
have used. They are well made, economical and easy to 
put together. 

Arthur Spiller, manufacturer of leg bands, puts out 
one of the finest trapnest bands to be had today. In cut 
No. 18 is a picture of old No. 2, who has on one of his 
bands, which has been in use five years. All the other 
birds in different cuts have tlie original bands with wliich 
they were started on their life work. 

Carbolineum and Cut Clover we use all the year round. 
Both are staple articles and of great value to the poultry- 
man, each in its own line. 

D. J. Edmonds has devised the account book for poultry- 
men. Too many people raising chicks have no method of 
keeping track of the financial end. They never know 
where they stand or if they are losing or gaining. This 
system is so simple and accurate that any grammar school 
boy or girl can keep the accounts to a penny. It is of in- 
estimable value Avhen the point is reached that calls for 
an interview with the income tax man. Of course many 
will say that time will never come. We thought so once, 
but it is impossible to tell and it is a pretty good aim to 
make to reach it. The Edmonds Safety Account Book 
will help you get there, and know it when you arrive. 

This fall we commence work on a check pen of birds 
to have as fair a test as is humanly possible on the Grandin 
Red Flag feeds. For several years we have watched var- 



SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 



ions feed concoins Avitli interest. The letters I have had 
tlirough the information bureaus have given quite a key 
to many kinds of feed. All things considered, we finally 
consented to give tlie Ked Fhig feeds a thorougli test. The 
pen with which this test is to be made will be in direct 
competition with another on our own scheme of feeding. 
The birds Avill be selected as near alike in body conforma- 
tion and breeding as is possible and, aside from feed, the 
care will be identical. Tlie manufacturers and ourselves 
both have confidence in this test, and on its results will 
depend a good deal of our future work. Hatchability of 
eggs and groAvth of young stock will be given a fair and 
unprejudiced workout, card indexing of all work being 
carefully followed from day to day. I feel free even now 
in speaking highly of Grandin Feeds, judging from the 
appearance and analysis and also from the high standing 
of all connected with their manufacture. 

Other ads si)eak for themselves. We do not claim any 
one thing is best, but of the things we have used these have 
given entire satisfaction to date. 

In closing J want to say just a word, individually, to 
each reader. Having made this work of pedigree breeding 
Rhode Island KimIs almost a twenty-four hour-a-day job 
for six years, we feel we have had exj^erience that is of 
value and we want it thoroughly understood that Avlien- 
ever, wherever' and however we can be of service in this 
conne('tion, to the poultry breeders interested, it is our 
wish to do so. We have no secret processes and anything 
Avliich we have learned that can benefit anyone is theirs 
for the asldng. Our rule has been, is, and will continue 
to be " 'Tis more blessed to give than to receive" — and so 
long as our flock supports us within reason, supplying 
their own expenses, our bread and butter and an occasion- 
al piece of cake, we feel they are helping us to make the 
A\-orld a better place for man and hen to live in. 



Orange Box Trapnest as Used On the Daniels 
Pedigreed S. C. Red Plant 

By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass. 

This nest is made from solid end orange boxes. The 
trap is cut from one end of box cut down so it will swing- 
freely in the opening as shown in right hand sketch. A 
small block on outside keeps nest from opening when hen 
tries to get out. The trigger or latch is a straight piece 
of inch by inch stock six inches long. A hole one half inch 




Orange box trapnest as used on the Daniels Pedigreed S. C. Red 
plant. H. A. Daniels, Grafton, Mass. 

off center acts as a pivot for it to move upon. A shingle 
nail will hold it. Be sure latch moves easily. Left hand 
sketch shows inside view of nest with side cut away, show- 
ing- position of latch and trap when trap is set. Latch 
must be placed so it will lock the nest when trap falls 
keeping out any other hens. Two small nails can be used 
to keep latch from falling too low or going to high. D 
shows small rod trap swings on, two screw eyes acting as 
hinge — see F, E shovN^s small staples holding rod to side 
of nest. C shows block holding trap, I shows latch both 
by itself and as used on nest . J shows center of nest which 
was the partition of box and is cut to three inches of the 
bottom. K shows position of nesting material, shavings, 
and a place where egg is laid, hen moving to front of 
nest to light after laying, hence no danger of breaking 
eggs. Nests are swung under dropping boards and slide 
on cleats attached to bottom of boards, an inch square 
strip on top of each nest serving as slides. 



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DOWN 



Down Flat 



and they said she had an "incurable form of paralysis," then 
I gave her 

HAPPY HEN 
WORM REMEDY 

and now she is just as fine as ever. 

When your birds have pale faces, begin to go light, stagger, 
eat ■w'ell and still lose the use of their legs, woi-ms are likdy 
the cause; send at once for a package of this wonderful life- 
saver. Recommended by poultrymen everywhere. 
Most birds have worms — worm yours every month. 
Packages— Sl.lO; $2.50 and $5.00, postpaid. 

For bubbles in the eyes, sneezing and For Indigestion, bluish combs, diarrhoea, 

on'ds. use etc., use 

HAPPY irEN ROUP PILLS HAPPY HEN CHOLEItA REMEDY 

$1.10: $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 

"^^ *"^i^1^iuldi^°w.'^e""u.f' ■""' '" F'^r White Diarrhoea in chieks, u.se 

HAPPY H!:NU0?P REMEDY HAPPY IIEN WIITE DIARRHOEA 

$1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. j, ,„. j2.50 ani $5.00 postpaid. 

For treating Bronchitis, Canker, Rheu- 
matism, or injuries use For head lice on chicks, loults, ets.. use 
HAPPY HEN CANKER REMEDY HAPPY HEN HEAD LICE SAL^^ 
$1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 30c; 55c; $1.10 and $2.50 postpaid. 

For treating Chicken Pox, use p^^ ^ody Uce. ticks, Heas, etc.. use 

^^*^?y,Fc^in'"^'?L^nn™^*"??°=^^ H.VPPY HEN BODY LICE SALVE 

$LIO; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. 3Qg. 555. juq and $2.50 postpaid. 

It is just as possible to make good poultry remedies as it is 
good Remedies for human use— HAPPY HEN REMEDIES 
are that kind — use them for the purpose intended, follow 
directions and then expect a lot of them — if they fail to 
satisfy YOU — we want to i-efund your money. 

Send stamp for valuable Disease Diagnosis Chart. 

Happy Hen Remedy Co. 

Room 200, 36 So. Market St., Boston, Mass. 

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[71] 



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Spiller's 
COLOROID TRAP NEST BANDS 



Trade Mark 




PR I C ES 

12 for 50c, 25 for $1.00, 50 for $2.00, 100 for $3.50. 

Designed especially for Trap Nest worlt; extra wide, and the numbers stand 
out boldly and very ijlaiuly. Figmey aj-e always black on white. Made in the 
toaiowing colors: red. blue, light green, pink, black, white, orange, dark green, 
yellow, brown, gray, pmple. Numbered to order, as high as 1,000. 

If >ou have any Trap Nest work to do, we especially recommend tliese bands. 
You will find tliat "they will stand the hard iLsage which comes from tire fretiuent 
handling of trap-nested birds, and far superior to all otliers for tliis work. Always 
>tate th'' breed. 

Intensely Practical, Efficient 

Universally Popular 

Bands That You Can See 

Catalocj of other style 
bands upon request. 

ARTHUR P. SPILLER 
Beverly, Mass., U. S. A. 

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y.\8'— J."7.8n 



Capacity 15 hens 

Just right for your 

winter flock. 

Write for 
Free Booklet 




E. C. YOUNG CO. 




3'xG' Colony nouse-~$10.00 



90 Depot St. 
Randolph, Mass. 

Free circular on request 



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[72] 



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Use SECURITY 
SEALED Bands 



Rivet and Band made out of the same piece | 

of aluminum. Numbered to order with | 

raised numbers. | 

H. A. Daniels says — "These bands fill a | 

long: felt want with my pedigree work." | 

Cyko Farms, Hudgens, 111. — "They are | 

cleverest band made." | 

I 6 for 10c; 50 for 60c; 100 for $1.00. | 

I Circular Free. Mention Breed. | 

I Small Steel Pliers for fastening bands, 50c. | 

HARRY E. BAIR 

I ''The Band Man" I 

I Box 645-D, HANOVER, PA. j 

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I KILLS CHICKEN MITES | 

= Single application — guaranteed — to eradicate aU CHICIvfiN Mites and make hen- = 

i hotises IMMUNE to this pest for | 

I ONE YEAR I 

s Arrow Carljolineum is tlio only vermicide against cliiclien mites and other ^ 

^ vennin in poultry houses. = 

GUARANTEE 

We guarantee that one thorough application of Arrow Carbolineum, either 

by brush or sprayer, to the interior walls, dropping boards, roosts, etc., of 

such buildings, after a previous cleaning and no matter whether they are of 

wood, tar paper, or plaster, will exterminate mites In same for a whole year. 

V- ^ 

Opinions of Poultry Experts 

II. V. Tormohlen. Ex. Tres. of American SinRle Comb Brown Legliorn Cl^b and 
Editor of Tlie Leghorn Woald, Portland. Ind. : 
"I would like to see every poultry man and farmer in the United States paint 
his roosts wltli Carbollneiun. because I believe it is the best thing found to date 
against mites." 

University of Maine. CoUege of Agriculture. O. M. Wilbur. Poultry SpeciaUst, 
Orono. iiaine; 
"We have been advocating the u.-e of Carbolineum in this state as a preventative 
\ against mites in poultry houses." 

The Verraont State School of Agriculture, D. Hart Iloi-ton. Instructor in Poultry. 

Randolph Center. Vt. : , , . . 

"I have used this product before and without question foimd it tlie only certain 

method of getting rid and stayhig rid of poultry mites; and the beauty of Carbolineum 
Ijelng that it is neo^-ssary to apply it only once a year." 

Carbolineum ^^'"^•"{J^^ ''•^"'^ 

WOOD PRESERVING CO. Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

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[73] 



IU>liriimiiui||i||||{||i|{|||||||||||||i||||in||||||||||||||{||||||||||i||||{|||||i||||||||||||||||||,|||,||,||||||n I 

Hodgson Baby Chick Houses Every Time 
For Brooding 250 Chicks or Less 



Handsome, economical and efficient 
beyond anything else on the market 



"1 have used one for two 
seasons and have never taken 
a dead chick out of it. Have 
had it on side lawn in a 
blizzard with mercury at zero 
and found thermometer 
exactly the same in the 
morning as when left at nine 
P. M. All my chicks are 
pedigreed from heavy laying 
dams and of great value, 
hence the importance of care- 
ful brooding to insure the 
least possible loss." 

Herbert A. Daniels, 
Grafton, Mass. 



"I like the "WIGWARM" 
better than any brooder I 
have ever used. In severe 
weather it did not burn over 
a pint of oil in 24 hours, and 
in moderate weather about 
one half pint, and supplied 
ample heat and ventilation. 
It was run out in the yard 
with no protection when the 
gi'ound was frozen and dur- 
ing snow-storms." 
A. S. Briain, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. 



"All my pedigreed White 
Rocks are raised in Wig- 
warm Baby Chick Houses, 
and the majority of them 
mature in 5* months. This 
I attribute in no small degree 
to the start they get in your 
Chick Houses. The system 
of forced fresh air ventilation 
is really wonderful, and 
means the utmost vitality for 
everv chick." 

Harold F. Barber, 
Dover, Mass. 
"In my seven years' experi- 
ence I have used four makes 
of brooders and I have 
found in the "WIGWARM" 
just what I have been look- 
ing for. In each of the 
four brooders I bought from 
you I put 60 chicks and had 
only two fatalities in the 
whole 240. They were put 
in the brooders on April 19, 
one of the vdldest and wind- 
iest days I ever knew on 
Long Island. The second 
time I put 72 in each brood- 
er with no losses." 

Mrs. A. Mack, 
Brookhaven, L. I., N. Y. 



A Colony Brooder and Brooder-House combined. With the 
HODGSON BABY CHICK HOUSE you have NO coal stoves, 
NO brooder houses, NO cold comers, NO crowding, NO chil- 
ling, NO dead air for the chicks to breathe. Chicks raised the 
HODGSON way are healthier, matui-e quicker, and show 
more profit than those brooded by coal stove or box brooder. 
Booklet free. 

E. F. HODGSON CO. 

71 Federal St., Boston, Mas$. 6 E. 39th St., New York City 



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[74] 



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I EDMONDS' 1 

I Safety System | 

I ACCOUNT BOOK | 

I for the I 

I POULTRYMAN j 

I copyright | 

I Devised by D. J. Edmonds | 

I Certified Public Accountant | 

I Darien, Conn. | 

I It is a regular bookkeeping system combined in 1 

j one complete book, 28 pages 12x12 inches with I 

I press-board cover. Receipts recorded in columns | 

I from seven sources of income, Daily Egg Produc- | 

I tion and distribution in four columns, an Inventory | 

I Record to show stock at a glance. | 

I On each opposite page Cash Disbursements are | 

I recorded in nine columns for Expenses and Pur- 1 

I chases; then there is a Summary page for each | 

I month's business; an Income Profit and Loss Ac- | 

j count and Balance Sheet with full complete instruc- | 

I tions. I 

I Any boy or girl can keep this book and you will | 

I find it indispensable, interesting, instructing and | 

j know results of your labor. Good for one year, | 

I postpaid to any address U. S. $1.00, Canada $1.25. | 

I This system is in use in every state in the U. S. | 

I in Canada and abroad. It is highly endorsed by j 

] leading Agricultural Colleges as well as practical | 

I poultrymen. j 

I Send today for your copy! | 

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[75] 




r 



Grandin's 

Red Flag Poultry Feeds Are 
Grand-In-Quality 



Kead tliis eiidoisemt'iit by a Itliode Island Red breeder. 





STATE OF MAINE 



ippartutf nt of Agrinilturr 



F, f» WASHBURN. Co 

Sttrtaion nf Animal JniiuBlrji 



>Uy 33, 1922 



To Whom It Uay Concern: 

Last season I gaya the Orandin's growing feod for 
chickens a thcsough trial, keeping one pen of my Rhode Island 
Reds on it for the entire season. I was very much pleased with 
this feed and found it fully equal to the Grandin quality that 
I have always found in otl^ar feeds put out by this company. The 
growth and development of the chickens thus fed was gratifying 
in the extreme and I can heartily recommend it to any poultrynan 
who is looking for a uniform standard of quality in this class' 
of goods. . ^ 

Cbief, Division of AniJial Industry, 
Department of Agriculture. 



Mrs. n. A. DanicLs. one of the editors of tlii.'^ magazine, wrote as on .Tune 21, 1922. as foUows: 
"I have manv inauiries throug-h the two information bureaus. I edit (R. I. Red 
Journal and " WestM-n I'oultry Journal ) concerning hijih class feeds, and, while 
we use our own ration in our special work, I unJiesitatingly recommend your 
teeds to those wisliins; a high class ready-to-feed poultry ration." 



FOR BEST 



Grandin's Poultry Dry Mash with Buttermilli 
Grandin's Growing Feed with Buttermilk 
Grandin's BntteDuilk Baby Chick Starter 



T 



RESULTS FEED 

Grandin's Screened Scratch Feed 
Grandin's Intermediate Chick Feed 
Grandin's Baby Chick Feed 



Full ree<ling instructions in our semi-aujiual poiiltry IX)ol;. 
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR "GRANDIN'S" 



D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. 



[76] 



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Do You Keep Hens? 



or 



Do You Make the Hens 
Keep You? 



j The only way to be assured that the hens will 

I keep you is to use only those ingredients in your 

I laying mash which go into the manufacture of the 

I ^gg. OUR NIAGARA BRAND OF GREEN 

I CURED FINE-CUT CLOVER makes assurance 

j DOUBLY SURE. Its own record is its best 

j recommendation. It has been used in the laying 

j and breeding mashes of the largest and most suc- 

j cessful Egg Farms for the past 35 years. Tender, 

I palatable, nutritious; it furnishes all the Vitamines 

j necessary to keep the fowl in healthy condition 

j while stimulating the function of heavy Qgg produc- 

I tion. With eggs at present prices, you cannot af- 

j ford to be without it. ORDERS PROMPTLY 

I FILLED. 

I Day Old Chix and Dux 

j The parent stock of our chix and dux has been 

j Hogan Tested for prepotency and high Qgg capa- 

i city for the past fifteen years. Their popularity 

I has increased our output of 80,000 chix to 500,000 

i head annually within the past four years. Send 

[ for our SPECIAL DISCOUNT PRICE LIST 

I covering early Spring deliveries. 

Niagara Farm 

I W. R. Curtis Co., Prop., Ransomville, N. Y. 

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[77] 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



000 465 142 P 



